Suchergebnisse

Las identidades o, para ser más imprecisos, las relaciones de pertenencia son una característica que es perceptible en todas las entidades humanas; tradicionalmente, se ha planteado su naturaleza diferenciadora y excluyente. No obstante, desde la investigación para la paz —concretamente desde la doble perspectiva de la paz imperfecta y los giros epistemológico y ontológico— y dialogando con la complejidad y la transmodernidad, planteamos que otras formas de concebir las identidades no solo son posibles, sino que ya existen. Para ello, hemos de preguntarnos cómo somos los seres humanos y cómo concebimos el poder. Desde una perspectiva crítica, radical, que nos permite la investigación para la paz, podemos interpretar que los(as) otros(as) forman parte consustancial del nosotros(as). Partiremos de que las identidades son construcciones sociales que se pergeñan dentro de un marco sistémico para condicionar los roles mediante los cuales los diferentes actores orientan sus representaciones y sus acciones. Esto nos permite resaltar que el carácter excluyente, jerárquico y estanco no es consustancial a las identidades. Como metáforas utilizaré la de las identidades-amalgamas y la de las identidades-caleidoscopio: identidades complejas, rizomáticas, basadas en lo que nos hacemos, conscientes de la diferencia, pero que evitan la desigualdad.

RESUMEN The aim of the study is to contribute, from the dual perspective of imperfect peace and epistemological turmoil, to critically reviewing the concept of power as a basis for the pacifist agency. Originality: this work focuses, for the first time, on the agency as a possibility for peace to occupy more and more personal, public and political space. Method: it is a qualitative research work that, from a complex perspective, builds on the concept of imperfect peace and the epistemological turn, using the strategies of critical analysis of peace-related research texts and writing on the concept of power, in particular Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault, Michael Mann, Kenneth Boulding and John Holloway, among others. This dialogue allows us to conclude that power can also be seen as the capacity that we all have to act in a coordinated manner to promote the development of desirable human capacities. Understood in this way, power generates peace, which must occupy the largest personal, public and political space. Against this background, this capillary extension of peace should not be seen only as a measure of peace empowerment, but as a consequence of the pacifist agency. ; RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio es contribuir, desde la doble perspectiva de la paz imperfecta y del giro epistemológico, a revisar críticamente el concepto de poder como base para la agencia pacifista. Originalidad: este trabajo se centra, por primera vez, en la agencia como posibilidad para que la paz ocupe cada vez un mayor espacio personal, público y político. Método: es un trabajo de investigación cualitativa que, desde una perspectiva compleja, parte del concepto de paz imperfecta y del giro epistemológico, empleando las estrategias del análisis crítico de textos de investigación para la paz y escritos que versan sobre el concepto de poder, especialmente de Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault, Michael Mann, Kenneth Boulding y John Holloway, entre otras/os. Este diálogo nos permite concluir que el poder también puede ser considerado como la ...

Aunque son numerosos los informes y trabajos de investigación para la paz que recurren a la estadística, la cuantía se ve significativamente reducida si atendemos a las publicaciones que incluyen a la estadística inferencial. En este artículo pretendemos usarla para modelizar el vínculo entre diferentes indicadores de paz y violencia con el objetivo de establecer inferencias conceptuales a partir de datos cuantitativos. Con los resultados obtenidos se puede plantear que la violencia y la paz, al menos en sus formas cuantificables, presentan escasa correlación y, por tanto, que conviven en los mismos espacios y tiempos, justo una de las principales características de la paz imperfecta. Por otra parte, las variables de democracia usadas presentan correlaciones muy débiles con la inequidad y algo más altas, aunque moderadas, con el desarrollo, por lo que uno de los pilares de la paz liberal –el vínculo entre democracia y paz– no se sustenta.

Aunque son numerosos los informes y trabajos de investigación para la paz que recurren a la estadística, la cuantía se ve significativamente reducida si atendemos a las publicaciones que incluyen a la estadística inferencial. En este artículo pretendemos usarla para modelizar el vínculo entre diferentes indicadores de paz y violencia con el objetivo de establecer inferencias conceptuales a partir de datos cuantitativos. Con los resultados obtenidos se puede plantear que la violencia y la paz, al menos en sus formas cuantificables, presentan escasa correlación y, por tanto, que conviven en los mismos espacios y tiempos, justo una de las principales características de la paz imperfecta. Por otra parte, las variables de democracia usadas presentan correlaciones muy débiles con la inequidad y algo más altas, aunque moderadas, con el desarrollo, por lo que uno de los pilares de la paz liberal –el vínculo entre democracia y paz– no se sustenta.

Venta Micena is an area containing several palaeontological sites marking the beginning of the Calabrian stage (Early Pleistocene). The richness of the fossil accumulation including species of Asian, African and European origin, makes Venta Micena a key site for the the palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental study of southern Europe during the Early Pleistocene. Thus, research has been focused on Venta Micena 3, which was originally interpreted as a single palaeosurface associated with a marshy context, in which most of the fauna was accumulated by Pachycrocuta brevirostris. Recent excavations have unearthed a new site, Venta Micena 4, located in the same stratigraphic unit (Unit C) and in close proximity to Venta Micena 3. Here we show the frst analyses regarding the taphonomic and spatial nature of this new site, defning two stratigraphic boundaries corresponding to two diferent depositional events. Furthermore, the taphonomic analyses of fossil remains seem to indicate a diferent accumulative agent than Pachycrocuta, thus adding more complexity to the palaeobiological interpretation of the Venta Micena area. These results contribute to the discussion of traditional interpretations made from Venta Micena 3. ; Regional Government of Andalusia, with both contracts associated to General Research Project BC.03.032/17 ; Spanish Public Employment Service (Spanish Ministry of Labour and Social Economy) ; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, with an FPI Predoctoral Grant (Reg. PRE2019-089411) associated to project RTI2018-099850-B-IOO and the University of Salamanca ; Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA) has received fnancial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the "María de Maeztu" program for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000945-M) ; Projects 2017SGR-859 (Gov. of Catalonia, AGAUR), and CGL2016-80000-P (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) ; Research Group HUM-607 (Junta de Andalucía).

D.B. and S.T. are grateful for support from the Spanish government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN-FEDER) code CGL2016-80975-P, Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) code 2017 SGR 859 and CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. S.T. is also beneficiary of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (Italy). J.M.J.-A. belongs to the Research Group HUM-607, Junta de Andalucía. The authors would like to thank the editor of this volume and the reviewers for their useful and accurate comments, which have undoubtedly improved previous versions of this paper. ; Remote sensing is a useful tool for the documentation of archaeological sites. The products derived from a photogrammetric project applied to archaeology such as orthophotos and three-dimensional virtual reconstruction (3DVR), allow for detailed study of the Fuente Nueva 3 site in Orce. In our study of the Fuente Nueva 3 site in Orce, we used 3DVR intensively to map out the morphometric features of mammoth tusks exposed on the surface and a geological fault affecting the site's deposits. To do so, we used imagery captured since 2017 in order to follow the evolution of ongoing excavations during each subsequent field season. We also integrated the 3DVR model in a videogame environment, to create a virtual reality (VR) that allows a VR navigation experience around the scenario using a head mounted display like Oculus Rift. The main features of this VR experience are: (1) It is ideal for the diffusion of archaeological contents since it permits an attractive presentation mode thanks to stereo visualization and realistic immersion sensations; (2) it provides a high level of detail all along the navigation experience, without incurring any damage to the archaeological remains; (3) it allows users to observe more details than they would in an in situ visit to the site; (4) it makes it possible to convert an archaeological site into portable heritage, opening up the possibility to extend visits to vulnerable groups: specifically those with reduced mobility. Our results show that using VR should permit enhancements to a visitor's experience and contribute to the socio-economic development of the town of Orce, one of the Spanish municipalities with the lowest income. ; Junta de Andalucia BC.03.032/17 ; FEDER 2010 Operative Program Research Project A-HUM-016-UGR18

Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was funded by the Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte: Orce Research Project "Primeras ocupaciones humanas y contexto paleoecologico a partir de los depositos pliopleistocenos de la cuenca Guadix-Baza: zona arqueologica de la Cuenca de Orce (Granada, Espana), 2017-2020 (Ref. BC.03.032/17)". We also received support from the PALARQ Foundation with the convocatory of Analitics 2019: "Identificando Carnivoros a partir de analisis Tafonomicos de ultima generacion aplicando Fotogrametria y Morfometria Geometrica de las Marcas de Diente. Aplicacion a Yacimientos del Pleistoceno Inferior Iberico: FN3, Venta Micena 3 y 4 (Granada), Ponton de la Oliva (Patones, Madrid)". Lloyd Austin Courtenay is also funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities with an FPI Predoctoral Grant (Ref. PRE2019-089411) associated to project RTI2018-099850-B-I00 and the University of Salamanca. The Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolucio Social (IPHES-CERCA) has received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the "Maria de Maeztu" program for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000945-M). ; Over the last few decades, several types of evidence such as presence of hominin remains, lithic assemblages, and bones with anthropogenic surface modifications have demonstrated that early human communities inhabited the European subcontinent prior to the Jaramillo Subchron (1.07–0.98 Ma). While most studies have focused primarily on early European lithic technologies and raw material management, relatively little is known about food procurement strategies. While there is some evidence showing access to meat and other animal-based food resources, their mode of acquisition and associated butchery processes are still poorly understood. This paper presents a taphonomic and zooarchaeological analysis of the Fuente Nueva-3 (FN3) (Guadix-Baza, Spain) faunal assemblage, providing a more in-depth understanding of early hominin subsistence strategies in Europe. The present results show that hominins had access to the meat and marrow of a wide range of animal taxa, including elephants, hippopotami, and small- and medium-sized animals. At the same time, evidence of carnivore activity at the site suggests that these communities likely faced some degree of competition from large predators when acquiring and processing carcasses. ; CRUE-CSIC agreement ; Springer Nature ; Junta de Andalucia BC.03.032/17 ; PALARQ Foundation ; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities ; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia PRE2019-089411 RTI2018-099850-B-I00 ; University of Salamanca ; Spanish Government CEX2019-000945-M

All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. Lithic material inventories and basic analyses may be consulted in the Field Season Reports that the Orce Research Team delivers yearly to Junta de Andalucia, which are freely available by request. The studied material is preserved in the Archaeological and Ethnographical Museum of Granada (Andalucía, Spain). ; The lithic assemblage of Barranco León (BL), attributed to the Oldowan techno-complex, contributes valuable information to reconstruct behavioral patterning of the first hominins to disperse into Western Europe. This archaic stone tool assemblage comprises two, very different groups of tools, made from distinct raw materials. On the one hand, a small-sized toolkit knapped from Jurassic flint, comprising intensively exploited cores and small-sized flakes and fragments and, on the other hand, a large-sized limestone toolkit that is mainly linked to percussive activities. In recent years, the limestone macro-tools have been the center of particular attention, leading to a re-evaluation of their role in the assemblage. Main results bring to light strict hominin selective processes, mainly concerning the quality of the limestone and the morphology of the cobbles, in relation to their use-patterning. In addition to the variety of traces of percussion identified on the limestone tools, recurrences have recently been documented in their positioning and in the morphology of the active surfaces. Coupled with experimental work, this data has contributed to formulating hypothesis about the range of uses for these tools, beyond stone knapping and butchery, for activities such as: wood-working or tendon and meat tenderizing. The abundance of hammerstones, as well as the presence of heavy-duty scrapers, are special features recognized for the limestone component of the Barranco Leo´n assemblage. This paper presents, for the first time, another characteristic of the assemblage: the presence of polyhedral and, especially, subspheroid morphologies, virtually unknown in the European context for this timeframe. We present an analysis of these tools, combining qualitative evaluation of the raw materials, diacritical study, 3D geometric morphometric analysis of facet angles and an evaluation of the type and position of percussive traces; opening up the discussion of the late Oldowan beyond the African context. ; This research has been funded by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: Orce Research Project "Primeras ocupaciones humanas y contexto paleoecológico a partir de los depósitos pliopleistocenos de la cuenca Guadix-Baza: zona arqueolo´gica de la Cuenca de Orce (Granada, España), 2017–2020"; "Presencia humana y contexto paleoecológico en la cuenca continental de Guadix-Baza. Estudio e interpretacio´n a partir de los depósitos Plio-Pleistocénicos de Orce. Granada. España" B120489SV18BC, 2012-16; "Primeras ocupaciones humanas del Pleistoceno inferior de la cuenca de Guadix-Baza (Granada, España)" B090678SVI8BC, 2009-11; MICINN (no feder) "Estudio de las dispersiones faunísticas y humanas durante el Pleistoceno inferior en la cuenca mediterránea.", CGL2016-80975-P, 2017- 19; the Spanish government Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN-FEDER) code CGL2016-80975-P, and the Generalitat de Catalunya Research Group 2017SGR 859. "Comportamiento ecosocial de los homínidos de la Sierra de Atapuerca durante el Cuaternario V", MICINN-FEDER PGC2018-093925-B-C32 and the Generalitat de Catalunya, AGAUR agency, SGR 859 and SGR 1040. Gerda Henkel Foundation (AZ 32/V/ 19, Lower Paleolithic Spheroids Project (LPSP) is assuring continuity in this line of research. ST is beneficiary of the Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (Italy) post-master scholarship. AB has been funded from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action grant agreement PREKARN nº702584. The research of DB, JMV, & RSR is funded by CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. JMJA belongs to the Research Group HUM-607.

Altres ajuts: Regional Government of Andalusia, with both contracts associated to General Research Project BC.03.032/17. Research Group HUM-607 (Junta de Andalucía) ; Venta Micena is an area containing several palaeontological sites marking the beginning of the Calabrian stage (Early Pleistocene). The richness of the fossil accumulation including species of Asian, African and European origin, makes Venta Micena a key site for the the palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental study of southern Europe during the Early Pleistocene. Thus, research has been focused on Venta Micena 3, which was originally interpreted as a single palaeosurface associated with a marshy context, in which most of the fauna was accumulated by Pachycrocuta brevirostris. Recent excavations have unearthed a new site, Venta Micena 4, located in the same stratigraphic unit (Unit C) and in close proximity to Venta Micena 3. Here we show the first analyses regarding the taphonomic and spatial nature of this new site, defining two stratigraphic boundaries corresponding to two different depositional events. Furthermore, the taphonomic analyses of fossil remains seem to indicate a different accumulative agent than Pachycrocuta, thus adding more complexity to the palaeobiological interpretation of the Venta Micena area. These results contribute to the discussion of traditional interpretations made from Venta Micena 3.