Suchergebnisse

This paper presents a tool for an aggregator of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to optimally combine their flexibilities into a few representative bids to be submitted to flexibility markets. The tool employs a "bottom-up" approach based on physical end-use load models, being the individual flexibility of each individual TCL simulated with a second-order thermal model describing the dynamics of the house. The approach is based on a direct load control (DLC) of thermostat temperature set-point by the aggregator. End-users receive an economic compensation in exchange for the loss of comfort. The applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated in a simulation case study based on an actual power system in Spain. ; The research leading to this publication has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 691405.

To coordinate the operation of the different generating units, storage systems and loads belonging to a microgrid, typically a Microgrid Control System (MGCS) is needed. This MGCS defines the set points to be delivered to the controllable devices to guarantee the appropriate operation of the microgrid both from the technical and the economic perspectives. The MGCS must be able to operate the microgrid in islanded mode, grid-connected, and withstand the transitions between the two operatingmodes. Recently two international standards have been approved dealing with microgrid con-trollers, "IEEE 2030.7-2017 – IEEE Standard for the Specification of Microgrid Control-ler" and "IEEE 2030.8-2018 - IEEE Standard for the Testing of Microgrid Controllers". ; The research leading to this publication has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654113 via the Trans-national Access (TA) User Project 05.024-2018.

This paper presents the outcome of the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for the different alternatives defined in the project SmartNet for the coordination between transmission system operators (TSOs) and distribution system operators (DSOs). The CBA compares five coordination schemes in three countries (Italy, Denmark and Spain) on the basis of several economic indicators. On top of them, it also calculates some non-economic indicators to enrich the analysis. The main results for the Italian and the Spanish cases are presented in this paper. ; The research leading to this article has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 691405.

The efficiency and the reliability of the electricity system depend on an efficient collaboration between different market participants. New challenges for the power sector, which require updating the roles of all agents involved, have emerged due to the growing importance of renewable energy sources, the advance of distributed generation, the development of self-consumption, the storage of energy, the electrification of heating and cooling loads and the mass integration of electric vehicles. In this context, the safe and efficient functioning of the electricity system requires the exploitation of untapped flexibility in both generation and demand. Hence, the coordination of distribution system operators (DSOs) and transmission system operators (TSOs) in the procurement of system services provided by units located in both distribution and transmission grids becomes a major challenge. The CoordiNet project, co-financed by the European Union (EU), is intended to a) demonstrate how the TSO, who is responsible for ensuring the balance of the power system in its control area and managing the very high voltage transmission grid, and the DSOs, who are the managers of the high-, medium- and low-voltage distribution grids, can act in a coordinated manner to purchase and activate system services, b) promote the cooperation of all actors and c) eliminate the barriers of active participation for customers in the market. This paper describes the work performed to define the characteristics, functionalities and potential algorithms to ensure the interoperability of the different markets and platforms developed by TSOs and DSOs across Europe, including the proposed system architecture and the description of the blocks it consists of, as well as the implementations that are being used in the three demonstrators.