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This paper provides an exploration of the concept and content of agile manufacturing (AM). It describes the nature of the content of AM and synthesises the literature to propose a comprehensive definition of purpose and process. Real agile manufacturing (RAM) is viewed as a strategic process; it is about surviving and prospering in the competitive environment of continuous and unpredictable change by reacting quickly and effectively to changing markets. The paper argues that RAM is evolutionary, in that it is developed from existing systems of management and technologies. However, it is also revolutionary because the full application of RAM involves a departure from existing systems. RAM is shown to be based upon four fundamentals. First, each partner must benefit; thus multiple winners (manufacturers, suppliers, customers) is the objective. Second, integration (recourses, methods, technologies, departments or organisations) is the means of achieving RAM. Third, IT is demonstrated to be an essential condition. Finally, core competence is seen to be the key.

Dynamic Provisioning for Community Services outlines a dynamic provisioning and maintenance mechanism in a running distributed system, e.g. the grid, which can be used to maximize the utilization of computing resources and user demands. The book includes a complete and reliable maintenance system solution for the large-scale distributed system and an interoperation mechanism for the grid middleware deployed in the United States, Europe, and China. The experiments and evaluations have all been practically implemented for ChinaGrid, and the best practices established can help readers to construct reliable distributed systems. ?This book is intended for researchers, developers, and graduate students in the fields of grid computing, service-oriented architecture and dynamic maintenance for large distributed systems.?Li Qi is an Associate Professor and the Deputy Director of the R&D Center for the Internet of Things at the Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security (TRIMPS), China. Hai Jin is a Professor and the Director of Department of Computer Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.

As the importance of Chinese financial schemes in maritime business increases, and many issues on the ownership of the assets under the current Law remain obscured for international investors, this work argues that a streamlining to international practice is required; therefore, the ownership of the trust property under the shipping fund in China should be transferred to the trustee from the client. The trustee shall possess, employ, benefit, and dispose the trust property in his/her own name, which links up with China's current property legislation, ship registration, and ship arrest regulations. The trust property under the shipping fund in China is independent of the fixed property or other management property of the trustee, the beneficiary, and the custodian. This gives full play to functional advantages of the trust system of the shipping fund, contributes to the expansion of financing channels in the shipping industry in China, guarantees the specialization and flexibility of shipping investment activities and the diversity of the investment subject, promotes development of China's policies about the shipping industry and financial innovation, and boosts the realization of "The Strategy of National Revitalization Based on Marine Industry Development" and "The Belt and Road Initiatives" and construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center and International Finance Center.

This paper considers the changes in firm ownership since the Chinese government implemented its open-door policy in 1978. Most significant amongst these is the relative decline in State owned enterprises and the marked increase in the numbers of small business. By 1999, there were 10 million registered small businesses in China. We first discuss the background to change, then review the changes in legislation which have allowed different forms of ownership. The paper then shows how the changes in ownership forms have affected industrial output and employment. We conclude, with some caveats, that these changes offer opportunities to pursue an exciting research agenda. Since China implemented its open-door policy in 1978 and moved towards a socialist market economy, it has experienced rapid economic growth. One characteristic of this change has been the relative decline of large State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and the expansion of the number of small enterprises. Although the role of small businesses in creating economic development in the advanced economies is well documented, the exploration of the extraordinary growth of small business in the transition economy of China is less well understood. From a position of no privately owned small businesses in 1979, by 1999 there were more than 10 million SMEs registered in China (Chinese Statistics Bureau 1999), representing some 90 percent of all firms. These small firms made an increasingly important contribution to national income and employment at a time of relative decline of the contribution of larger firms. Moreover, these changes have to be set in the context of an extremely turbulent and uncertain political environment. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the expanding role of small firms within the changing socio-political context of China.

Military Brain Science is a cutting-edge innovative science that uses potential military application as the guidance. It was preliminarily divided into 9 aspects by authors: understanding the brain, protecting the brain, monitoring the brain, injuring the brain, interfering with the brain, repairing the brain, enhancing the brain, simulating the brain and arming the brain. In this review, we attempt to propose the concept, content and meaning of the Military Brain Science, with the hope to provide some enlightenment and understanding of the research area.

BACKGROUND: Hip osteoarthritis is a common disabling condition of the hip joint and is associated with a substantial health burden. We assessed the epidemiological patterns of hip osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI). METHODS: Age-standardized rates (ASRs) were obtained for the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of hip osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2019 for 21 regions, encompassing a total of 204 countries and territories. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASRs were calculated to evaluate the trends in the incidence and DALYs of hip osteoarthritis over these 30 years. RESULTS: Globally, from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of hip osteoarthritis increased from 17.02 per 100,000 persons to 18.70 per 100,000 persons, with an upward trend in the EAPC of 0.32 (0.29–0.34), whereas the age-standardized DALY rate increased from 11.54 per 100,000 persons to 12.57 per 100,000 persons, with an EAPC of 0.29 (0.27–0.32). In 2019, the EAPCs of the ASIR and age-standardized DALY rate of hip osteoarthritis were positively associated with the SDI of hip osteoarthritis. In 1990 and 2019, the incidence of hip osteoarthritis was unimodally distributed across different age groups, with a peak incidence in the 60–64-year-old age group, whereas the DALYs increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and DALYs of hip osteoarthritis have been increasing globally. The EAPCs of the ASIR and age-standardized DALY rate were particularly significant in developed regions and varied across nations and regions, indicating the urgent need for governments and medical institutions to increase the awareness regarding risk factors, consequences of hip osteoarthritis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02705-6.

AbstractMedia bias widely exists in the articles published by news media, influencing their readers' perceptions, and bringing prejudice or injustice to society. However, current analysis methods usually rely on human efforts or only focus on a specific type of bias, which cannot capture the varying magnitudes, connections, and dynamics of multiple biases, thus remaining insufficient to provide a deep insight into media bias. Inspired by the Cognitive Miser and Semantic Differential theories in psychology, and leveraging embedding techniques in the field of natural language processing, this study proposes a general media bias analysis framework that can uncover biased information in the semantic embedding space on a large scale and objectively quantify it on diverse topics. More than 8 million event records and 1.2 million news articles are collected to conduct this study. The findings indicate that media bias is highly regional and sensitive to popular events at the time, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Furthermore, the results reveal some notable phenomena of media bias among multiple U.S. news outlets. While they exhibit diverse biases on different topics, some stereotypes are common, such as gender bias. This framework will be instrumental in helping people have a clearer insight into media bias and then fight against it to create a more fair and objective news environment.

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Smart Homes, Smart Urban Spaces and New Assistive Living Space Concepts in the Smart City -- Multi-resident Location Tracking in Smart Home through Non-wearable Unobtrusive Sensors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Smarter Safer Home Platform -- 2.1 Overview of SSH Platform -- 2.2 Ground Truth Collection Through Bluetooth Localisation -- 3 Probabilistic Models for Multi-resident Location Tracking -- 3.1 Multi-tracker with Naive Bayes -- 3.2 Multi-tracker with Hidden Markov Models -- 4 Experiments -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- People Tracking in Ambient Assisted Living Environments Using Low-Cost Thermal Image Cameras -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 System Overview -- 4 Detailed System Description -- 4.1 Sensorial Equipment -- 4.2 Preprocessing of Raw Images -- 4.3 Data Association -- 4.4 Monte-Carlo Particle Filter Tracking -- 5 Experimental Evaluation -- 6 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- A Preprocessing Algorithm to Increase OCR Performance on Application Processor-Centric FPGA Architec ... -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 The Specification -- 4 The Algorithm -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- E-Health for Future Smart Cities -- DeepFood: Deep Learning-Based Food Image Recognition for Computer-Aided Dietary Assessment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Approach -- 3.1 Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Their Applications to Visual-Based Food Image Recognition -- 3.2 Proposed CNN-Based Approach for Visual-Based Food Image Recognition -- 4 Experimental Results -- 4.1 Experimental Results on UEC-256 -- 4.2 Experimental Results on Food-101 -- 4.3 The Employment of Bounding Box -- 4.4 Running Time -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.

abstract: The Hakka, who have undergone a series of great migrations, are usually identified with people who speak the Hakka language or share at least same Hakka ancestry. As the largest Hakka dialect island in West China, the Dongshan region was closely linked with the great migration wave of Hakka. However, the paternal genetic profiles of Dongshan Hakka have never been revealed. In the present study, 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci included in the SureID PathFinder Plus Kit were analyzed in 353 unrelated male individuals (171 Hakka and 182 Han) of Sichuan Province, China. By analyzing 166 different haplotypes among Dongshan Hakka and 176 different haplotypes among Sichuan Han males, haplotype diversity was calculated as 0.9997, with a discrimination capacity of 0.9708, for the Hakka population, and 0.9996 and 0.9670 for the Sichuan Han population, respectively. Most of the Y-STR loci were highly informative in both populations except DYS645. The genetic relationships were evaluated by comparing the Hakka population with 11 other groups that are relevant to Hakka migration routes. The results of the multidimensional scaling plot and phylogenetic tree indicate that the Dongshan Hakka population was closely related to Han nationalities from Anhui, Jiangxi, and Fujian Provinces.

The Cloud computing paradigm has revolutionised the computer science horizon during the past decade and has enabled the emergence of computing as the fifth utility. It has captured significant attention of academia, industries, and government bodies. Now, it has emerged as the backbone of modern economy by offering subscription-based services anytime, anywhere following a pay-as-you-go model. This has instigated (1) shorter establishment times for start-ups, (2) creation of scalable global enterprise applications, (3) better cost-to-value associativity for scientific and high-performance computing applications, and (4) different invocation/execution models for pervasive and ubiquitous applications. The recent technological developments and paradigms such as serverless computing, software-defined networking, Internet of Things, and processing at network edge are creating new opportunities for Cloud computing. However, they are also posing several new challenges and creating the need for new approaches and research strategies, as well as the re-evaluation of the models that were developed to address issues such as scalability, elasticity, reliability, security, sustainability, and application models. The proposed manifesto addresses them by identifying the major open challenges in Cloud computing, emerging trends, and impact areas. It then offers research directions for the next decade, thus helping in the realisation of Future Generation Cloud Computing.