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What is already known on this topic? Due to shifting circumstances in China, the government has adjusted the child-bearing policy to allow couples to have a second child. This has affected the total number of live births, especially in more developed urban areas. What is added by this report? The total number of live births in the 4 monitoring cities including Chengdu, Wuhan, Shenzhen, and Beijing during 2014–2019 increased by 33.0%, 20.3%, 10.7%, and 8.2%, respectively. From 2014 to 2017, the proportion of total live births that were policy related increased in each city: Chengdu (2.0% to 35.0%), Wuhan (1.0% to 25.1%), Shenzhen (0.6% to 39.4%), and Beijing (3.1% to 30.2%). What are the implications for public health practice? Our results showed that the implementation of the new adjusted family planning policy alleviated the downward trends in total live births and is unlikely to lead a baby boom as estimated by previous studies.

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In China, the prevalence of undernutrition among children under 5 years of age has declined significantly during recent decades. However, noticeable gaps exist between rural and urban areas. Since 2012, a government‐funded nutrition programme, Ying Yang Bao (YYB; soybean powder‐based iron‐rich supplement) programme, has been implemented in poor rural areas to decrease the risk of developing anaemia among children aged 6–23 months, but there are still inadequate health care awareness, feeding knowledge and skills among caregivers. From June 2018 to December 2020, a child health counselling intervention was delivered through a home visit based on the YYB programme in Liangshan. Child health messages were given by trained village child health assistants while distributing YYB. Surveys were conducted before and after the intervention to analyse changes in child health check‐up frequency, complementary feeding practice and prevalence of undernutrition. After the intervention, the proportion of children who had regular health check‐ups, who were vaccinated and who met the minimum YYB consumption significantly increased from 26.0%, 81.6%, and 67.8% to 59.7%, 95.0%, and 79.2%. Increased rates of IYCF indicators (introduction of solid, semisolid, or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity and consumption of iron‐rich or iron‐fortified foods) were observed after the intervention. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and anaemia significantly decreased from 26.3% to 10.8%, 13.4% to 8.7%, 14.0% to 10.5%, and 52.1% to 43.9%. This intervention can be well integrated into the YYB programme with less additional resources. Children in resource‐limited areas will benefit more from a comprehensive nutritional package, including food supplements and child health education.