Suchergebnisse

O desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro não pode depender exclusivamente de fontes de demanda externa; e não deve depender, com mais forte razão, de uma fonte associada à demanda chinesa por matérias-primas e produtos com forte intensidade de recursos naturais. Mas é necessário ter em mente que essa demanda tem oferecido uma fonte de estímulo importante para o crescimento e para a melhoria das relações de troca. O desafio, portanto, é integrar a demanda chinesa e os seus efeitos diretos e indiretos na estratégia nacional de desenvolvimento.

Tomando por base as instituições e as políticas industriais e tecnológicas brasileiras, e tendo como referência algumas experiências internacionais bem-sucedidas, este artigo investiga as razões pelas quais, mesmo quando bem formuladas, as políticas industriais e tecnológicas enfrentam problemas de implementação em países que buscam se emparelhar, em termos industriais e tecnológicos, às economias líderes. Os resultados mostram que grande parte dos problemas decorre do "envelhecimento" das instituições, aprisionadas por práticas antigas de fazer políticas, e do seu enfraquecimento - político e financeiro - comparativamente às instituições de política macroeconômica, sugerindo a necessidade de reforma das instituições. Essa reforma, entretanto, teria de superar obstáculos técnicos e, sobretudo, políticos.

This article examines some theoretical approaches in support of industrial policy in Brazil, with special emphasis on the neo-Schumpeterian/evolutionary approach. This approach is applied to the analysis of some satisfactory experiences in the field of industrial policy and economic development in Brazil up to the end of the 1970s, and some unsuccessful attempts in this field from the 1980s on. Lastly, it evaluates the industrial policy applied by the government in the 2003- 2006 period, noting that, in spite of some positive aspects -the emphasis on innovation, clear goals and a new institutional organization- that policy has some weak points, such as its incompatibility with macroeconomic policy, lack of coherence between economic instruments, shortcomings in infrastructure and in the science, technology and innovation system, and lack of coordination and political will. (CEPAL Rev/GIGA)

Neste trabalho, utiliza-se o comércio internacional como uma lente para captar a intensidade tecnológica da estrutura produtiva brasileira. Considera-se que produtos com maior conteúdo tecnológico vistos pelo lado das exportações indicam melhor qualificação da indústria local, contribuindo para uma inserção mais dinâmica nas relações de trocas internacionais. Há alguns indicadores sugeridos para avaliar a evolução da intensidade tecnológica do comércio brasileiro, inclusive a destinação das exportações e uma comparação com a estrutura comercial da Organização para a Cooperação e de Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE). Discute-se, dessa forma, em que medida a mudança estrutural no Brasil tem favorecido os setores dinâmicos na tecnologia e comércio. Finalmente, uma matriz de dinamismo comercial é sugerida, combinando indicadores de intensidade tecnológica com o índice de vantagem comparativa revelada.

RESUMO Este trabalho se propõe a avançar ainda mais no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para mapeamento, classificação e caracterização de Sistemas Locais de Produção (SPL) no Brasil. Tal esforço se justifica não apenas pela importância que esses sistemas vêm acumulando para a geração de empregos e bem-estar social, crescimento econômico, exportações e desenvolvimento tecnológico, mas também pela atenção que recebem de diversos organismos públicos e instituições privadas, muitas vezes desprovidos de metodologia adequada. resultando em dispersão de esforços e desperdício de recursos públicos e privados. Portanto, o principal objetivo do trabalho é fornecer evidências que permitam racionalizar critérios de gestão de políticas públicas e ações privadas direcionadas ao LPS, oferecendo sugestões de políticas e ações diferenciadas segundo categorias ou tipos de sistemas com características distintas de acordo com sua relevância para o local ou desenvolvimento regional, bem como sua importância no contexto do setor em que estão inseridos.

INTRODUCTION: In 2015, most governments of the world committed to achieving 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) by the year 2030. Efforts to improve eye health contribute to the advancement of several SDGs, including those not exclusively health-related. This scoping review will summarise the nature and extent of the published literature that demonstrates a link between improved eye health and advancement of the SDGs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for published, peer-reviewed manuscripts, with no time period, language or geographic limits. All intervention and observational studies will be included if they report a link between a change in eye health and (1) an outcome related to one of the SDGs or (2) an element on a pathway between eye health and an SDG (eg, productivity). Two investigators will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening of potentially relevant articles. Reference lists of all included articles will be examined to identify further potentially relevant studies. Conflicts between the two independent investigators will be discussed and resolved with a third investigator. For included articles, data regarding publication characteristics, study details and SDG-related outcomes will be extracted. Results will be synthesised by mapping the extracted data to a logic model, which will be refined through an iterative process during data synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this scoping review will only include published data, ethics approval will not be sought. The findings of the review will be published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal. A summary of the results will be developed for website posting, stakeholder meetings and inclusion in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.

INTRODUCTION: In 2015, most governments of the world committed to achieving 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) by the year 2030. Efforts to improve eye health contribute to the advancement of several SDGs, including those not exclusively health-related. This scoping review will summarise the nature and extent of the published literature that demonstrates a link between improved eye health and advancement of the SDGs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for published, peer-reviewed manuscripts, with no time period, language or geographic limits. All intervention and observational studies will be included if they report a link between a change in eye health and (1) an outcome related to one of the SDGs or (2) an element on a pathway between eye health and an SDG (eg, productivity). Two investigators will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening of potentially relevant articles. Reference lists of all included articles will be examined to identify further potentially relevant studies. Conflicts between the two independent investigators will be discussed and resolved with a third investigator. For included articles, data regarding publication characteristics, study details and SDG-related outcomes will be extracted. Results will be synthesised by mapping the extracted data to a logic model, which will be refined through an iterative process during data synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this scoping review will only include published data, ethics approval will not be sought. The findings of the review will be published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal. A summary of the results will be developed for website posting, stakeholder meetings and inclusion in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.

INTRODUCTION: In 2015, most governments of the world committed to achieving 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) by the year 2030. Efforts to improve eye health contribute to the advancement of several SDGs, including those not exclusively health-related. This scoping review will summarise the nature and extent of the published literature that demonstrates a link between improved eye health and advancement of the SDGs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for published, peer-reviewed manuscripts, with no time period, language or geographic limits. All intervention and observational studies will be included if they report a link between a change in eye health and (1) an outcome related to one of the SDGs or (2) an element on a pathway between eye health and an SDG (eg, productivity). Two investigators will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening of potentially relevant articles. Reference lists of all included articles will be examined to identify further potentially relevant studies. Conflicts between the two independent investigators will be discussed and resolved with a third investigator. For included articles, data regarding publication characteristics, study details and SDG-related outcomes will be extracted. Results will be synthesised by mapping the extracted data to a logic model, which will be refined through an iterative process during data synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this scoping review will only include published data, ethics approval will not be sought. The findings of the review will be published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal. A summary of the results will be developed for website posting, stakeholder meetings and inclusion in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.