Suchergebnisse

In the mid-1990s, when the United Nations adopted positions affirming a woman's right to be free from bodily harm and to control her own reproductive health, it was both a coup for the international women's rights movement and an instructive moment for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) seeking to influence UN decision making. Prior to the UN General Assembly's 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence against Women and the 1994 decision by the UN's Conference on Population and Development to vault women's reproductive rights and health to the forefront of its global population growth management program, there was little consensus among governments as to what constituted violence against women and how much control a woman should have over reproduction. Jutta Joachim tells the story of how, in the years leading up to these decisions, women's organizations got savvy -- framing the issues strategically, seizing political opportunities in the international environment, and taking advantage of mobilizing structures -- and overcame the cultural opposition of many UN-member states to broadly define the two issues and ultimately cement women's rights as an international cause. Joachim's deft examination of the documents, proceedings, and actions of the UN and women's advocacy NGOs -- supplemented by interviews with key players from concerned parties, and her own participant-observation -- reveals flaws in state-centered international relations theories as applied to UN policy, details the tactics and methods that NGOs can employ in order to push rights issues onto the UN agenda, and offers insights into the factors that affect NGO influence. In so doing, Agenda Setting, the UN, and NGOs departs from conventional international relations theory by drawing on social movement literature to illustrate how rights groups can motivate change at the international level

"This book examines the self-representation and identity politics of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs). PMSCs have become increasingly important over the past few decades. While their boom is frequently explained in functional terms, such as their cost-efficiency and effectiveness, this book offers an alternative explanation based on an analysis of the online self-presentations of forty-two US and UK-based companies. PMSCs are shaping how they are perceived and establish themselves as acceptable and legitimate security actors by eclectically appropriating identities more commonly associated with the military, businesses and humanitarian actors. Depending on their audience and clients' needs, they can be professional hero-warriors, or promise turn-key security solutions based on their exceptional expertise, or, in a similar way to humanitarians, assure those in need of relief and try to make the world a better place. Rather than being merely public relations, the self-referential assertions of PMSCs are political. Not only do they contribute to a normalization of private security and reinforce an already ongoing blurring of lines between the public and private sectors, they also change what we deem to be 'security' and a 'security actor'. This book will be of much interest to students of private military companies, critical security studies, military studies, security studies and IR"--Publisher's description

Comparing non-governmental organizations in the United Nations and the European Union across a range of different issue areas, this book examines how the choice of venue and institution affects the actions and strategies of NGOs.

This book examines the self-representation and identity politics of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs)PMSCs have become increasingly important over the past few decades. While their boom is frequently explained in functional terms, such as their cost-efficiency and effectiveness, this book offers an alternative explanation based on an analysis of the online self-presentations offorty-two US- and UK-based companies. PMSCs are shaping how they are perceived and establishing themselves as acceptable and legitimate security actors by eclectically appropriating identities more commonly associated with the military, businesses and humanitarian actors. Depending on their audience and clients' needs, they can be professional hero warriors, or promise turn-key security solutions based on their exceptional expertise, or, in a similar way to humanitarians, reassure those in need of relief and try to make the world a better place. Rather than being merely public relations, the self-referential assertions of PMSCs are political. Not only do they contribute to a normalization of private security and reinforce an already ongoing blurring of lines between the public and private sectors, they also change what we deem to be 'security' and a 'security actor'.This book will be of much interest to students of private military companies, critical security studies, military studies, security studies and IR.

Berndtsson, J.: Security professionals for hire: exploring the many faces of private security expertise. - S. 303-320 Higate, P.: 'Cowboys and professionals' the politics of identity work in the private and military security company. - S. 321-341 Krahmann, E.: From 'mercenaries' to 'private security contractors': the (re)construction of armed security providers in international legal discourses. - S. 343-363 Joachim, J. ; Schneiker, A.: New humanitarians? frame appropriation through private military and security companies. - S. 365-388

Gender and the Privatization of Military Security: An Introduction / Maya Eichler 1. - Part One: Beyond the Public/Private Divide: Feminist Analyses of Military Privatization and the Gendered State. - 1. Military Privatization as a Gendered Process: A Case for Integrating Feminist International Relations and Feminist State Theories / Saskia Stachowitsch 19. - 2. Military Privatization and the Gendered Politics of Sacrifice / Bianca Baggiarini 37. - 3. Gender, PMSCs, and the Global Rescaling of Protection: Implications for Feminist Security Studies / Maya Eichler 55. - Part Two: Rethinking the Private Military Contractor I: Third Country Nationals and the Making of Empire. - 4. (Re)Producing American Soldiers in An Age of Empire / Isabelle V. Barker 75. - 5. From Warriors of Empire to Martial Contractors: Reimagining Gurkhas in Private Security / Amanda Chisholm 95. - 6. The License to Exploit: PMSCs, Masculinities, and Third Country Nationals / Jutta Joachim and Andrea Schneiker 114. - Part Three: Rethinking the Private Military Contractor II: Masculinities and Violence. - 7. Aversions to Masculine Excess in the Private Military and Security Company and their Effects: Don't Be a "Billy Big Bollocks" and Beware the "Ninja!" / Paul Higate 131. - 8. Heternormative and Penile Frustrations: The Uneasy Discourse of the ArmorGroup Hazing Scandal /Chris Hendershot 146. - Part Four: Private In/Security: Gendered Problems of Accountability, Regulation, and Ethics. - 9. Engendering Accountability in Private Security and Public Peacekeeping / Valerie Sperling 169. - 10. Women, PMSCs and International Law / Ana Filipa Vrdoljak 187. - 11. Empathy, Responsibility, and the Morality of Mercenaries: A Feminist Ethical Appraisal of PMSCs/ Jillian Terry 208. - Conclusion / Maya Eichler 226. - Afterword / Anna Leander 236