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Currency dominance has been the symbol of national power, influence, and dominance. After the Second World War, the Dollar has maintained its unrivaled influence as a currency reserve by central banks and as a global transaction currency. Recently, cryptocurrency and the distributed ledger system were seen as a challenge. However, due to the challenge it poses to the sovereignty of nation-states, central banks have resorted to developing the central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). China is the only major economy to have tested a CBDC, a symbol of its increasing economic power and innovation. Contrary to Mearsheimer's theory of offensive realism, developments show that China can use its offensive economic capabilities to build a regional order through the belt and road initiative (BRI). With the recent release of its Central Bank Electronic Payment and the Blockchain-based Network System, China can seek to regionalize the use of its renminbi (RMB) and rival the power of the Dollar.

Johann M. Plöd befasst sich mit einem zentralen Thema des am 26.06.2001 in Kraft getretenen Untersuchungsausschussgesetzes des Deutschen Bundestages (PUAG), nämlich der Stellung des Zeugen in einem parlamentarischen Untersuchungsausschuss in rechtlicher und tatsächlicher Hinsicht. -- Der Autor erläutert die verschiedenen Untersuchungstypen, die verfassungsrechtlichen Grundlagen, die Grenzen des Untersuchungsrechts sowie die Unterschiede zum gerichtlichen Verfahren. Anschließend geht er auf die Reformdiskussionen und die verschiedenen Entwürfe eines Untersuchungsausschussgesetzes ein. Die weiteren Kapitel sind dem Gesetzgebungsverfahren und dem Regelungsinhalt des PUAG gewidmet. Darauf aufbauend nimmt der Autor Stellung zu den rechtlichen Regelungen für die Vernehmung des Zeugen. Im zweiten Teil dieses Abschnitts werden die tatsächliche Vernehmungssituation und die Vernehmungsmethoden in einem Untersuchungsausschuss auf Grund der praktischen Erfahrungen des Autors im Parteispendenuntersuchungsausschuss dargestellt. -- Das Werk ist eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Untersuchungsausschussgesetz. Der Verfasser kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Mitwirkungsrechte und damit die Grundrechte des Bürgers im PUAG nur unzureichend berücksichtigt sind, während die Parteien ihre Position in einem Untersuchungsausschuss in den Vordergrund gestellt haben. -- Dr. Johann M. Plöd ist seit 1975 in der bayerischen Justiz als Richter und Staatsanwalt tätig. Ab Juli 2000 war er Mitglied der Arbeitsgruppe "Untersuchungsausschuss" der CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag. Er ist jetzt Leitender Oberstaatsanwalt der Staatsanwaltschaft Regensburg.

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Pol.g. 1171 o

Landwehr and colleagues (2023) surveyed climate change perceptions in Bavaria, focusing on the influence of socio-demographic and local environmental factors. They found that farmers exhibited higher climate change skepticism than other societal actor groups. In our attempt to explain
these findings, we attribute climate change skepticism among farmers to motivated cognitions and social identity processes. Farmers may be motivated to deny climate change due to cognitive dissonance arising from perceptions of being especially affected. Consequently, a climate change skeptical
group norm may have developed among farmers, shaping the attitudes and behaviors of individual group members, which is potentially intensified by perceived intergroup contrasts in political conflicts. We propose that climate-skeptical attitudes are context-dependent and can be changed through
inducing intrapersonal conflicts or social identity-based interventions. Understanding farmers' group dynamics, motivated cognitions, and efficacy beliefs is crucial for effective climate change communication and policy implementation, in order to counter skepticism and promote pro-environmental
action.

"Anzahl, Inhalt, Bedeutung und Wichtigkeit von Grundwerten, Werten und Leitbildern erstmals in größerem Umfang in den national-europäischen und gesamteuropäischen Bereichen zu untersuchen, ist die Absicht eines entsprechenden eurosoziologischen Forschungsprogramms, formuliert mit dem Ziel, Ergebnisse sowohl für den soziopolitischen Anwendungsbereich als auch für den sozioindividuellen Grundlagenbereich zu gewinnen. Nicht nur hinsichtlich dieser Absichten und Ziele, sondern auch hinsichtlich seiner aktuellen, historischen und theoretischen Grundlagen steht dieses Forschungsprogramm also im festen Kontext früherer und zeitgenössischer Ansätze, Theorien und Forschungen. Das vorgesehene Forschungsprogramm 'Werte und Leitbilder in nationaler Programmatik' beinhaltet somit eine differenzierte und umfassende Analyse politischer Grundwerte, Werte-Leitbilder und Werthaltungen innerhalb der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaft und ist mithin als ein Forschungsbeitrag zur Problematik der europäischen Integration gedacht." (Autorenreferat)

Transformative and mutually beneficial solutions require decision-makers to reconcile present- and future interests (i.e., intrapersonal conflicts over time) and to align them with those of other decision-makers (i.e., interpersonal conflicts between people). Despite the natural co-occurrence of intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts in the transformation toward sustainability, both types of conflicts have been studied predominantly in isolation. In this conceptual article, we breathe new life into the traditional dialog between individual decision-making and negotiation research and address critical psychological barriers to the transformation toward sustainability. In particular, we argue that research on intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts should be tightly integrated to provide a richer understanding of the interplay between these conflicts. We propose a novel, unifying framework of interdependent conflicts that systematically structures this interplay, and we analyze how complex interdependencies between the social (i.e., conflict between decision-makers) and temporal (i.e., conflict within a decision-maker) dimensions pose fundamental psychological barriers to mutually beneficial solutions. Since challenges to conflict resolution in the transformation toward sustainability emerge not only between individual decision-makers but also frequently between groups of decision-makers, we scale the framework up to the level of social groups and thereby provide an interdependent-conflicts perspective on the interplay between intra- and intergenerational conflicts. Overall, we propose simple, testable propositions, identify intervention approaches, and apply them to transition management. By analyzing the challenges faced by negotiating parties during interdependent conflicts and highlighting potential intervention approaches, we contribute to the transformation toward sustainability. Finally, we discuss implications of the framework and point to avenues for future research.

The plethora of heterogeneous and diversified services in 5G and beyond requires from networks to be flexible, adaptable, and programmable, i.e., to be able to correspondingly adapt to changes. As human intervention might significantly increase delays in MANagement and Orchestration (MANO) operations, automation and intelligence become imperative for orchestrating services and resources, especially the ones with stringent requirements for latency and capacity, such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services. As virtualization and Artificial Intelligence (AI) promise to mitigate those challenges towards enabling true automation in MANO operations, in this paper we present our effort towards building and fully utilizing the reallife testbeds, such as Smart Highway and Virtual Wall, located in Belgium, to conduct realistic experimentation and validation of distributed orchestration intelligence in a dynamic network such as V2X system. ; This work has been performed in the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 project DAEMON co-funded by the EU under grant agreement No. 101017109, the Horizon 2020 Fed4FIRE+ project, Grant Agreement No. 723638, and the Horizon 2020 5G-Blueprint project under Agreement No. 952189.

The rate of axis II disorders in alcohol-dependent individuals is suggested to be high. The aim of this investigation is to assess the rate of DSM-IV axis II diagnoses in alcohol-dependent inpatients and their correlation with clinical characteristics of alcohol dependence (AD). 1,079 inpatients with DSM-IV AD from three inpatient addiction treatment centers ('qualified detoxification', open psychiatric university hospital wards) were included. Characteristics of AD were obtained using standardized structured interviews. Diagnoses of DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs) were generated with SCID-II-PQ and SCID-II interviews. Alcoholism severity was measured using the number of DSM-IV criteria endorsed and age at first drinking. Approximately 60% of the sample had at least one PD. However, rates of Axis II disorders differed significantly across centers. The most frequent PDs were obsessive-compulsive, borderline, narcissistic and paranoid PD. Diagnosis of any PD was related to a more severe clinical profile of AD. Regression analyses revealed that obsessive-compulsive PD was related to the number of DSM-IV criteria endorsed while antisocial PD was related to early age at first drinking. The majority of alcohol-dependent individuals had one or more comorbid axis II disorders. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicate that different PDs are related to age at first dinking and alcoholism severity.

Next-generation mobile networks are expected to flaunt highly (if not fully) automated management. Network Intelligence (NI) will be the key enabler for such a vision, empowering myriad of orchestrators and controllers across network domains. In this paper, we elaborate on the DAEMON architectural model, which proposes introducing a NI Orchestration layer for the effective end-to-end coordination of NI instances deployed across the whole mobile network infrastructure. Specifically, we first outline requirements and specifications for NI design that stem from data management, control timescales, and network technology characteristics. Then, we build on such analysis to derive initial principles for the design of the NI Orchestration layer, focusing on (i) proposals for the interaction loop between NI instances and the NI Orchestrator, and (ii) a unified representation of NI algorithms based on an extended MAPE-K model. Our work contributes to the definition of the interfaces and operation of a NI Orchestration layer that foster a native integration of NI in mobile network architectures. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no.101017109 "DAEMON".