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The EU directives together with the Swedish environmental legislation will require the Swedish municipalities to assess how they comply with given air quality standards. Model tools will be an important and necessary complement to measurements. Air pollution originates only partly from local sources within a particular municipality and there is often an important part that is transported over long distances, even from outside Sweden. Therefore model tools that aspire to simulate total concentrations of a pollutant, have to involve sources and dispersion on different scales, starting with the entire Europe and going down to the microscale of an individual street.

"The Power of the In-Between: Intermediality as a Tool for Aesthetic Analysis and Critical Reflection gathers fourteen individual case studies where intermedial issues—issues concerning that which takes place in between media—are explored in relation to a range of different cultural objects and contexts, different methodological approaches, and different disciplinary perspectives. The cases investigate the intermediality of such manifold objects and phenomena as contemporary installation art, twentieth-century geography books, renaissance sculpture, media theory, and public architecture of the 1970s. They also bring together scholars from the disciplines of art history, comparative literature, theatre studies, musicology, and the history of ideas.
Starting out from an inclusive understanding of intermediality as "relations between media conventionally perceived as different," each author specifies and investigates "intermediality" in their own particular case; that is, each examines how it is inflected by particular objects, methods, and research questions. "Intermediality" thus serves both as a concept employed to cover an inclusive range of cultural objects, cultural contexts, methodological approaches, and so on, and as a concept to be modelled out by the particular cases it is brought to bear on. Rather than merely applying a predefined concept, the objectives are experimental. The authors explore the concept of intermediality as a malleable tool of research.
This volume further makes a point of transgressing the divide between media history and semiotically and/or aesthetically oriented intermedial studies. The former concerns the specificity of media technologies and media interrelations in socially, politically, and epistemologically defined space and time, and the latter targets formal considerations of media objects and its various meaning-making elements. These two conventionally separated fields of research are integrated in order to produce a richer understanding of the analytical and historical, as well as the aesthetic and technological, conditions and possibilities of intermedial phenomena.
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AbstractEpidemiologic studies on health effects of air pollution usually rely on time-series of ambient monitoring data or on spatially modelled levels. Little is known how well these estimate residential outdoor and indoor levels. We investigated the agreement of measured residential black carbon (BC) levels outdoors and indoors with fixed-site monitoring data and with levels calculated using a Gaussian dispersion model. One-week residential outdoor and indoor BC measurements were conducted for 15 families living in central Stockholm. Time-series from urban background and street-level monitors were compared to these measurements. The observed weekly concentrations were also standardized to reflect annual averages, using urban background levels, and compared spatially to long-term levels as estimated by dispersion modelling. Weekly average outdoor BC level was 472 ng/m3(range 261–797 ng/m3). The corresponding fixed-site urban background and street levels were 313 and 1039 ng/m3, respectively. Urban background variation explained 50% of the temporal variation in residential outdoor levels averaged over 24 h. Modelled residential long-term outdoor levels were on average comparable with the standardized measured home outdoor levels, and explained 49% of the spatial variability. The median indoor/outdoor ratio across all addresses was 0.79, with no difference between day and night time. Common exposure estimation approaches in the epidemiology of health effects related to BC displayed high validity for residencies in central Stockholm. Urban background monitored levels explained half of the outdoor day-to-day variability at residential addresses. Long-term dispersion modelling explained half of the spatial differences in outdoor levels. Indoor BC concentrations tended to be somewhat lower than outdoor levels.

Título que aparece en el postprint: Combined magnetoliposome formation and drug loading in one step for efficient AC-magnetic field remote controlled drug release ; We have developed a reproducible and facile one step strategy for the synthesis of doxorubicin loaded magnetoliposomes by using a thin-layer evaporation method. Liposomes of around 200 nm were made of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with negative, positive, and hydrophobic surfaces that were incorporated outside, inside, or between the lipid bilayers, respectively. To characterize how NPs are incorporated in liposomes, advanced cryoTEM and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques have been used. It was observed that only when the NPs are attached outside the liposomes, the membrane integrity is preserved (lipid melt transition shifts to 38.7 °C with high enthalpy 34.8 J/g) avoiding the leakage of the encapsulated drug while having good colloidal properties and the best heating efficiency under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). These magnetoliposomes were tested with two cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells. First, 100% of cellular uptake was achieved with a high cell survival (above 80%), which is preserved (83%) for doxorubicin-loaded magnetoliposomes. Then, we demonstrate that doxorubicin release can be triggered by remote control, using a noninvasive external AMF for 1 h, leading to a cell survival reduction of 20%. Magnetic field conditions of 202 kHz and 30 mT seem to be enough to produce an effective heating to avoid drug degradation. In conclusion, these drug-loaded magnetoliposomes prepared in one step could be used for drug release on demand at a specific time and place, efficiently using an external AMF to reduce or even eliminate side effects ; M.E.F.B. acknowledges the Brazilian agency CNPq for the Grant [232947/2014-7] within the Science without Borders program and the COST action program for the Grant [TD1402−38989]. The work was supported by the Spanish Government under projects MAT2017-88148-R (AEI/ FEDER, UE), MAT2016-78857-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), MAT2016-76507-R, and CTQ2016-78454-C2-2-R, by the Comunidad de Madrid (S2018/NMT-4321 NANOMAGCOST-CM), and the European Research Council through ERC-AG Grant 340177. IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant SEV-2016-0686). The characterization was performed using the ICMM/CSIC general services (X-ray, ICP)

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsami.9b20603 ; We have developed a reproducible and facile one step strategy for the synthesis of doxorubicin loaded magnetoliposomes by using a thin-layer evaporation method. Liposomes of around 200 nm were made of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with negative, positive, and hydrophobic surfaces that were incorporated outside, inside, or between the lipid bilayers, respectively. To characterize how NPs are incorporated in liposomes, advanced cryoTEM and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques have been used. It was observed that only when the NPs are attached outside the liposomes, the membrane integrity is preserved (lipid melt transition shifts to 38.7 °C with high enthalpy 34.8 J/g) avoiding the leakage of the encapsulated drug while having good colloidal properties and the best heating efficiency under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). These magnetoliposomes were tested with two cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells. First, 100% of cellular uptake was achieved with a high cell survival (above 80%), which is preserved (83%) for doxorubicin-loaded magnetoliposomes. Then, we demonstrate that doxorubicin release can be triggered by remote control, using a noninvasive external AMF for 1 h, leading to a cell survival reduction of 20%. Magnetic field conditions of 202 kHz and 30 mT seem to be enough to produce an effective heating to avoid drug degradation. In conclusion, these drug-loaded magnetoliposomes prepared in one step could be used for drug release on demand at a specific time and place, efficiently using an external AMF to reduce or even eliminate side effects ; M.E.F.B. acknowledges the Brazilian agency CNPq for the Grant [232947/2014-7] within the Science without Borders program and the COST action program for the Grant [TD1402–38989]. The work was supported by the Spanish Government under projects MAT2017-88148-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), MAT2016-78857-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), MAT2016-76507-R, and CTQ2016-78454-C2-2-R, by the Comunidad de Madrid (S2018/NMT-4321 NANOMAGCOST-CM), and the European Research Council through ERC-AG Grant 340177. IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant SEV-2016-0686). The characterization was performed using the ICMM/CSIC general services (X-ray, ICP). ACS analyses were performed at RISE Acreo in Gothenburg, Sweden, and cryo-TEM images were taken by Dr. Francisco Javier Chichón at the Cryo-EM facility (CiB-CNB-CSIC) at the National Center for Biotechnology in Madrid, Spain

Biocompatibility restrictions have limited the use of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia therapy to iron oxides, namely magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). However, there is yet another magnetic iron oxide phase that has not been considered so far, in spite of its unique magnetic properties: ε-Fe2O3. Indeed, whereas Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 have a relatively low magnetic coercivity, ε-Fe2O3 exhibits a giant coercivity. In this report, the heating power of ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in comparison with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles of similar size (∼20 nm) was measured in a wide range of field frequencies and amplitudes, in uncoated and polymer-coated samples. It was found that ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles primarily heat in the low-frequency regime (20–100 kHz) in media whose viscosity is similar to that of cell cytoplasm. In contrast, γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles heat more effectively in the high frequency range (400–900 kHz). Cell culture experiments exhibited no toxicity in a wide range of nanoparticle concentrations and a high internalization rate. In conclusion, the performance of ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles is slightly inferior to that of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in human magnetic hyperthermia applications. However, these ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles open the way for switchable magnetic heating owing to their distinct response to frequency. ; This work was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 FET Open program [Grants no: 801305 and 829162] Spanish Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities [Grant no: PGC2018_095795_B_I00] and Diputación General de Aragón [E11/17R]. Authors would like to acknowledge the use of Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación-SAI, Universidad de Zaragoza. This work was developed within the scope of the projects CoolPoint P2020-PTDC-CTMNAN-4511-2014 and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. ; We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). ; Peer reviewed

The 14th International Congress on Combustion By-Products and Their Health Effects was held in Umeå, Sweden from June 14th to 17th, 2015. The Congress, mainly sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, focused on the "Origin, fate and health effects of combustion-related air pollutants in the coming era of bio-based energy sources". The international delegates included academic and government researchers, engineers, scientists, policymakers and representatives of industrial partners. The Congress provided a unique forum for the discussion of scientific advances in this research area since it addressed in combination the health-related issues and the environmental implications of combustion by-products. The scientific outcomes of the Congress included the consensus opinions that: (a) there is a correlation between human exposure to particulate matter and increased cardiac and respiratory morbidity and mortality; (b) because currently available data does not support the assessment of differences in health outcomes between biomass smoke and other particulates in outdoor air, the potential human health and environmental impacts of emerging air-pollution sources must be addressed. Assessment will require the development of new approaches to characterize combustion emissions through advanced sampling and analytical methods. The Congress also concluded the need for better and more sustainable e-waste management and improved policies, usage and disposal methods for materials containing flame retardants.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Nanoparticles as High-Frequency Nano-Heater. ; The scientific community has made great efforts in advancing magnetic hyperthermia for the last two decades after going through a sizeable research lapse from its establishment. All the progress made in various topics ranging from nanoparticle synthesis to biocompatibilization and in vivo testing have been seeking to push the forefront towards some new clinical trials. As many, they did not go at the expected pace. Today, fruitful international cooperation and the wisdom gain after a careful analysis of the lessons learned from seminal clinical trials allow us to have a future with better guarantees for a more definitive takeoff of this genuine nanotherapy against cancer. Deliberately giving prominence to a number of critical aspects, this opinion review offers a blend of state-of-the-art hints and glimpses into the future of the therapy, considering the expected evolution of science and technology behind magnetic hyperthermia. ; This work was supported by the NoCanTher project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 685795. The authors acknowledge support from the COST Association through the COST actions "RADIOMAG" (TD1402) and "MyWAVE" (CA17115). D.O., A.S.-O. and I.R.-R. acknowledge financial support from the Community of Madrid under Contracts No. PEJD-2017-PRE/IND-3663 and PEJ-2018-AI/IND-11069, from the Spanish Ministry of Science through the Ramón y Cajal grant RYC2018-025253-I and Research Networks RED2018-102626-T, as well as the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the grants MAT2017-85617-R, MAT2017-88148R and the "Severo Ochoa" Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2016-0686). M.B. and N.T.K.T. would like to thank EPSRC for funding (grant EP/K038656/1 and EP/M015157/1) and AOARD (FA2386-17-1-4042) award. This work was additionally supported by the EMPIR program co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant no. 16NRM04 "MagNaStand". The work was further supported by the DFG grant CRC "Matrix in Vision" (SFB 1340/1 2018, no 372486779, project A02). ; Peer reviewed

The scientific community has made great efforts in advancing magnetic hyperthermia for the last two decades after going through a sizeable research lapse from its establishment. All the progress made in various topics ranging from nanoparticle synthesis to biocompatibilization and in vivo testing have been seeking to push the forefront towards some new clinical trials. As many, they did not go at the expected pace. Today, fruitful international cooperation and the wisdom gain after a careful analysis of the lessons learned from seminal clinical trials allow us to have a future with better guarantees for a more definitive takeoff of this genuine nanotherapy against cancer. Deliberately giving prominence to a number of critical aspects, this opinion review offers a blend of state-of-the-art hints and glimpses into the future of the therapy, considering the expected evolution of science and technology behind magnetic hyperthermia. ; This work was supported by the NoCanTher project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 685795. The authors acknowledge support from the COST Association through the COST actions "RADIOMAG" (TD1402) and "MyWAVE" (CA17115). D.O., A.S.-O. and I.R.-R. acknowledge financial support from the Community of Madrid under Contracts No. PEJD-2017-PRE/IND-3663 and PEJ-2018-AI/IND-11069, from the Spanish Ministry of Science through the Ramon y Cajal grant RYC2018-025253-I and Research Networks RED2018-102626-T, as well as the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the grants MAT2017-85617-R, MAT2017-88148R and the "Severo Ochoa" Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2016-0686). M.B. and N.T.K.T. would like to thank EPSRC for funding (grant EP/K038656/1 and EP/M015157/1) and AOARD (FA2386-171-4042) award. This work was additionally supported by the EMPIR program co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant no. 16NRM04 "MagNaStand". The work was further supported by the DFG grant CRC "Matrix in Vision" (SFB 1340/1 2018, no 372486779, project A02).