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A multidimensional view of poverty will provide a basis for the development of integrated approaches that have poverty reduction as an explicit goal. This reflects the perspective that poverty reduction is not something that happens indirectly or coincidentally. It is something that must be directly targeted, with specific and focused steps to address particular aspects. The need to target more effectively the needs of the poor is one of the central themes that emerged from the Water and Poverty Initiative and runs through this report. We must not assume that actions that are good for water management or economic development in general will necessarily contribute to poverty reduction. We must be clear and explicit as to how they will contribute and, where necessary, adapt our actions to maximize their poverty impact. Poverty reduction should not just be the general but vague goal of water management; it should be the explicit and targeted purpose of these actions. This paper articulates some ideas on how this can be achieved.

A multidimensional view of poverty will provide a basis for the development of integrated approaches that have poverty reduction as an explicit goal. This reflects the perspective that poverty reduction is not something that happens indirectly or coincidentally. It is something that must be directly targeted, with specific and focused steps to address particular aspects. The need to target more effectively the needs of the poor is one of the central themes that emerged from the Water and Poverty Initiative and runs through this report. We must not assume that actions that are good for water management or economic development in general will necessarily contribute to poverty reduction. We must be clear and explicit as to how they will contribute and, where necessary, adapt our actions to maximize their poverty impact. Poverty reduction should not just be the general but vague goal of water management; it should be the explicit and targeted purpose of these actions. This paper articulates some ideas on how this can be achieved.

Originally published in 1988. In this clear yet stimulating introductory text John Soussan explores the issues and arguments involved using a variety of case studies from across the Third World, including the tin mining industry, Rio Tinto-Zinc and fuelwood in Kenya.

Analyse der energiepolitischen Entwicklung in Afrika seit Anfang der achtziger Jahre. Bis zum Jahre 2020 wird Holz die Hauptenergiequelle Afrikas bleiben. Ein neues Energiekonzept muß die verschiedenartigen Bedürfnisse der Metropolen, insbesondere der städtischen Haushalte, berücksichtigen. (DÜI-Mcd)

The fringe of a city is the peripheral zone which is experiencing a process of transformation from characteristically Ru modes of production, social interaction, & land use to characteristically Ur ones, or which has experienced this process in the recent past. Several parameters may be used to define this zone, & various indicators to investigate it; for many of them, land use is the first step. Examples & implications from Western & Third World societies are reviewed. Some problems of theory & practice & methods & materials are reviewed, & some perspectives suggested. AA.

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to assess the impact of policy interventions through watershed development (WD) on the livelihoods of the rural communities. This is done by assessing the programme in the context of a sustainable rural livelihoods framework, that is, looking at its impact on the five types of capital assets and strategies required for the means of living. The article also examines the vulnerability and stability of these capital assets, as well as analysing which people participate in the programme and enhance their livelihoods through sharing its benefits. In the light of the analysis, it is argued that watershed development holds the potential for enhanced livelihood security even in geo‐climatic conditions where the watershed cannot bring direct irrigation benefits on a large scale. In such fragile environments, however, watershed development is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for sustaining rural livelihoods. While the focus of watershed development is primarily on strengthening the ecological base such as water bodies (including traditional tanks), grazing lands and wastelands, it should be complemented with other programmes which focus on landless poor households in order to make it pro‐poor. In the context of low rainfall regions where improvement in irrigation facilities is slow, agriculture alone cannot support the communities. Policies and programmes should aim at creating an environment for diverse livelihood activities, which are the choice of the household rather than distress activities.