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Not since the 1940s have more people been on the move than today – across borders or in their own country. People flee from rebellion and war, but many also emigrate because they are looking for work and because they dream of a better life. In recent years, Norway has received large numbers of immigrants and has become a multicultural society. The lectures of ten researchers at a seminar entitled På vandring og på flukt. Migrasjon i historisk perspektiv (On the move and fleeing. Migration in a historical perspective) in 2016 allow the history of migration to be seen in a long historical perspective. The first lectures were devoted to emigration as a phenomenon with a long time span, while the later ones focused more strongly on the situation in recent years, with large-scale immigration and the emergence of a multicultural Norway. All the lectures saw the movement of people and its consequences against the background of the international situation, both in a historical perspective and in the context of our contemporary world. This is also the case with this anthology. - Ikke siden andre verdenskrig har flere mennesker vært på vandring og på flukt – over landegrenser eller innenfor eget land. Mennesker flykter fra opprør og krig. Men mange bryter også opp fra sitt hjemsted og flytter fordi de søker arbeid og drømmer om et bedre liv. De siste årene har vi opplevd at flere enn noen gang har stått ved våre grenser for å komme inn. Norge er blitt et flerkulturelt samfunn. Mange innvandrere har kommet til Norge opp gjennom tidene. Noen har vært på flukt, men flere har kommet for å finne arbeid. Eksempelvis kom det mange svensker over grensen til Øst- og Sørlandet sent på 1800-tallet og tidlig på 1900-tallet. I tidligere århundrer var det likevel ikke innvandring, men tvert imot utvandring som dominerte. Nordmenn reiste til Holland for å søke arbeid på 16- og 1700-tallet, og til Amerika på 18- og 1900-tallet. Mange vendte tilbake, men de fleste bosatte seg permanent i det nye landet. Korttidsutvandring til Spania er et fenomen som har preget vår nyere historie. Foredragene til ti forskere på Agderseminaret 2016 gjorde at noen lange linjer kunne trekkes gjennom de siste århundrenes migrasjonshistorie. De første foredragene var viet utvandringen, mens de siste fokuserte sterkere på situasjon de senere årene med stor innvandring og et flerkulturelt Norge. Den internasjonale situasjonen, før og nå, dannet rammen rundt. Slik er også denne antologien disponert.

"Grenseløst Agder. Det som skilte og det som bandt highlights different aspects of the history of Norwegian region, Agder, as well as seeking to understand the regions present and future. The occation is the merging of the the two sub-regions Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder into Agder which took place January 1st of 2020.
" - Grenseløst Agder. Det som skilte og det som bandt retter søkelyset mot ulike sider av Agders historie, samtidig som landsdelen analyseres i et nåtids- og framtidsperspektiv. Anledningen er at Aust-Agder og Vest-Agder fra 1. januar 2020 ble slått sammen til ett fylke, Agder.

The terror attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011 had a significant and lasting impact on Norwegian society. This article discusses a study of the prison officers who worked with the convicted offender Anders Behring Breivik in the days and weeks following the attacks. The prison officers were emotionally affected by the case, to the point where they were concerned that their professional performance might suffer. When not at work, they were constantly reminded of the consequences of the terrorist attacks through media channels and conversations with family, friends and neighbours. To remain professional in a situation that they found personally very challenging, they developed particular coping strategies. These strategies allowed them to avoid conflicts between the work, family and society spheres in the sense of their personal lives affecting their work performance and vice versa. The officers were forced to make concessions in their personal lives, however, which meant that their professional lives as prison officers moved beyond the boundaries of the prison.

"What is prison architecture and how can it be studied? How are concepts such as humanism, dignity and solidarity translated into prison architecture? What kind of ideologies and ideas are expressed in various prison buildings from different eras and locations? What is the outside and the inside of a prison, and what is the significance of movement within the prison space? What does a lunch table have to do with prison architecture? How do prisoners experience materiality in serving a prison sentence? These questions are central to the texts presented in this anthology. Prison, Architecture and Humans is the result of a collaboration between researchers and architects from Italy, Norway and Sweden. It presents new approaches to prison architecture and penological research by focusing on prison design, prison artefacts, everyday prison life and imprisoned bodies. The book will be of interest to students, researchers, architects and politicians." - Hva er fengselsarkitektur og hvordan kan den studeres? Hvordan blir begreper som humanisme, verdighet og solidaritet oversatt til fengselsarkitektur? Hvilke ideologier og ideer kommer til uttrykk i fengsler til ulike tider og på ulike steder? Hva betyr bevegelser i fengselslandskap? Hva er utside og innside av et fengsel? Hva har et lunsjbord å gjøre med fengselsarkitektur? Hvordan erfarer innsatte fengselsmaterialitet? Dette er sentrale spørsmål i de tekstene som presenteres i denne antologien. Boken er et resultat av samarbeid mellom arkitekter og forskere i Italia, Norge og Sverige. Den tilbyr nye tilnærminger til studier av fengselsarkitektur og pønologisk forskning gjennom sitt fokus på fengselsdesign, fengselsartefakter, fengselshverdagsliv og innesperrede kropper. Boken vil være nyttig for studenter, forskere, arkitekter og politikere.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Terminology and Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Setting the Scene and Introduction -- The COLAB Consortium -- Cultural-Historical Activity Theory and Change Laboratory Model as a Guiding Framework -- Other Theoretical Lenses and Integration Models -- Methods for Promoting Social Innovation and Systemic Change -- The Service User's Voice -- Organisational Multivoicedness -- Who Has Responsibility for Rehabilitation? -- Academic Engagement in Rehabilitation -- Final Thoughts and Further Research -- References -- Part I International Contexts of Collaborative Practice in a Variety of Penal Contexts: Substantive Areas for Organisational Innovation and Change-Studies in Norway -- 2 Interorganisational Collaboration in a Norwegian Prison-Challenges and Opportunities Arising from Interagency Meetings -- Introduction -- The Norwegian Prison Under Study -- Tools Used in Prison -- Theoretical Framework -- Prison as a Research Site and Methodological Challenges -- Data Collection and Observing the Interagency Meetings -- Analysis -- Findings -- Example 1: Transcending professional distinctions to enhance collaboration -- Example 2: Challenges in the usage of a new digital tool to enhance collaboration -- Example 3: The Reconciliation of the Different Needs -- Various Professional Perspectives in the Interagency Meetings -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Mirrors of Prison Life-From Compartmentalised Practice Towards Boundary Crossing Expertise -- Introduction -- Theoretical-Methodological Framework -- First Mirror: The Psychiatrist -- Second Mirror: The Inmate -- Third Mirror: The Prison Authority and the Primary Health Staff -- Fourth Mirror: The DPS' Staff -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References.

This Open Access edited collection seeks to improve collaboration between criminal justice and welfare services in order to help prepare offenders for life after serving a prison sentence. It examines the potential tensions between criminal justice agencies and other organisations which are involved in the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders, most notably those engaged in mental health care or third sector organisations. It then suggests a variety of different methods and approaches to help to overcome such tensions and promote inter-agency collaboration and co-working, drawing on emerging research and models, with a focus on the practice in European and Scandinavian countries. For academics and practitioners working in prisons and the penal system, this collection will be invaluable.

The purpose of this article is to present and discuss Norwegian legislation concerning intellectual disability and criminal responsibility. Current legislation has an internationally unique feature, in that the rules governing criminal responsibility are based on what is known as the medical principle. This implies that criminal responsibility is determined by the defendant's mental health status at the time of the crime. Norwegian criminal law does not require any causal or correlational relationship between the mental condition and the crime, as do most other jurisdictions. A brief description of historical perspectives and the Norwegian criminal justice system with regard to offenders with intellectual disabilities is also included.

The purpose of this article is to present and discuss Norwegian legislation concerning intellectual disability and criminal responsibility. Current legislation has an internationally unique feature, in that the rules governing criminal responsibility are based on what is known as the medical principle. This implies that criminal responsibility is determined by the defendant's mental health status at the time of the crime. Norwegian criminal law does not require any causal or correlational relationship between the mental condition and the crime, as do most other jurisdictions. A brief description of historical perspectives and the Norwegian criminal justice system with regard to offenders with intellectual disabilities is also included. ; publishedVersion ; This is an Open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/), permitting all use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Vulnerability linked to offenders tends to focus on victims and society. Understanding prisoner vulnerability is important to better address the negative impact of prison life. This article reviews the evidence of vulnerability reported by male prisoners. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, 3039 citations were filtered. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, highlighting four areas of vulnerability: uncertainty, environmental vulnerability, fear of harm, and loss of human connection. The article notes that basic principles for the treatment of prisoners are not met in many areas, indicating a need to shift conceptualizations of vulnerability.