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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- SOMALIA AND AL-SHABAAB -- THE RISE OF AL-SHABAAB -- TEEN RECRUITS -- THE CASUALTIE SOF WAR AND TERROR -- SOLVING TERROR -- CHRONOLOGY -- GLOSSARY -- FURTHER INFORMATION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- Back Cover.

Cover -- Introduction: Conflict and Hope -- Chapter 1: Northern Africa -- Chapter 2: Western Africa -- Chapter 3: Central Africa -- Chapter 4: Eastern Africa -- Chapter 5: Southern Africa -- Chapter 6: The Future of War and Terrorism in Africa -- Regional Map of Africa -- Chronology -- Glossary -- Further Information -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Authors -- Introducing the Issue -- Scope of the Problem -- Health Consequences -- Social and Academic Consequences -- Systemic Factors -- Gaps in the Literature and What This Brief Has to Offer -- References -- Food Insecurity in Toddlerhood and School Readiness: Mediating Pathways Through Parental Well-Being and Behaviors -- Food Insecurity in Toddlerhood and School Readiness: Mediating Pathways Through Parental Well-Being and Behaviors -- Household Food Insecurity and Children's Development -- Household Food Insecurity and Parent Well-Being and Behaviors -- Current Study and Hypotheses -- Method -- Data and Sample -- Measures -- Household Food Insecurity at 2 Years -- Preschool Parent Well-Being and Behaviors -- Kindergarten Social-Emotional Skills -- Kindergarten Reading and Math Skills -- Covariates -- Analytic Strategy -- Results -- Kindergarten Social-Emotional Skills -- Hyperactivity -- Conduct Problems -- Approaches to Learning -- Kindergarten Reading and Math Skills -- Reading -- Math -- Discussion -- Limitations -- Conclusions -- References -- The Consequences of Food Insecurity for Children with Disabilities in the Early Elementary School Years -- Children with Disabilities and Food Insecurity: Background and Context -- How Food Insecurity Influences the Developmental Outcomes of Children with Disabilities: The Family Stress Model -- The Consequences of Food Insecurity for Children with Disabilities -- Present Study -- Method -- Dataset and Sample -- Measures -- Executive Functioning (EF) -- Problem Behaviors -- Household Food Insecurity Status -- Controls -- Analytic Strategy -- Results -- Food Insecurity Transitions -- Discussion and Implications -- References -- Early Childhood WIC Receipt and Cognitive and Socioemotional Outcomes at School Entry and Middle Childhood.

The federal child care subsidy program represents one of the government's largest investments in early care and education. Using data from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), this paper examines associations, among subsidy-eligible families, between child care subsidy receipt when children are 4 years old and a range of school readiness outcomes in kindergarten (sample n ≈ 1,400). Findings suggest that subsidy receipt in preschool is not directly linked to subsequent reading or social-emotional skills. However, subsidy receipt predicted lower math scores among children attending community-based centers. Supplementary analyses revealed that subsidies predicted greater use of center care, but this association did not appear to affect school readiness.

AbstractThis research note reports on a new effort to track candidate diversity in Canadian elections. The dataset covers 4,516 candidates who ran in the 2008, 2011, 2015 and 2019 federal elections and includes novel data on their race, Indigenous background and age, alongside information on gender, occupation, prior electoral experience and electoral outcome. We outline the process for collecting and systematizing these data, which relied on genealogical methods and the principle of triangulation. The data can be used to track diversity among electoral candidates over time or merged with other sources to answer district-level questions about representational diversity, electoral dynamics, vote choice and political communications. The method could also be replicated and applied to other levels of government.