Suchergebnisse

Introduction: "This is where we came from" -- South Sudan in the Nile Basin -- Trees and wandering bulls -- Trade and empires, tribal zones and deep rurals -- Dispersal and diasporas -- The dual colonialism of the condominium -- The politics of competing nationalisms -- Two wars -- Self-determination in the Twenty-first Century -- Legacies of war

Sudan's post-independence history has been dominated by long, recurring, and bloody civil wars. Most commentators have attributed the country's political and civil strife either to an age-old racial and ethnic divide between Arabs and Africans or to colonially constructed inequalities. In The root causes of Sudan's civil wars, Douglas H. Johnson examines historical, political, economic, and social factors to come to a more subtle understanding of the trajectory of Sudan's civil wars. Johnson focuses on the essential differences between the modern Sudan's first civil war in the 1960s, the current war, and the minor conflicts generated by and contained within the larger wars. Regional and international factors, such as humanitarian aid, oil revenue, and terrorist organizations, are cited and examined as underlying issues that have exacerbated the violence. Readers will find an immensely readable yet nuanced and well-informed handling of the history and politics of Sudan's civil wars

The Abyei Area, straddling the North-South border of Sudan, was the subject of a separate protocol in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed between the Sudan government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement in January 2005. One provision of that protocol was the establishment of a boundaries commission to define the territory to be included in the special administration of the area. The commission's decision was to be implemented with immediate effect on the submission of its report in July 2005, but implementation has been blocked by the National Congress Party, which still controls the central government in Sudan. The conduct of war in Abyei established many precedents for the conduct of war in Darfur in the use of tribal militias and the forcible displacement of non-Arab peoples. The failure to implement the Abyei Protocol has implications not only for determining the North-South border (as stipulated by the CPA), but for the implementation of any Darfur peace agreement. Adapted from the source document.

An overlooked source in Northeast African history is the series of printed monthly intelligence reports issued first by the Egyptian, and then the Sudan intelligence department between 1892 and 1929. Initially prepared by F. W. Wingate, these reports at first contained reports on Egypt's former territories in the Sudan, as well as in neighbouring countries. The reports reprinted substantial reports in its appendices, and these reports contained substantial military, political and economic information on the Mahdist state and adjacent territories. The first 59 such reports chronicle Egypt's preparations for the reconquest of the Sudan, which was achieved with the defeat of the main Mahdist armies in 1898. For the next 28 years the reports reproduced in the appendices of the Sudan Intelligence Reports contained a variety of information about the peoples and government of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The following bibliography is a complete list of appendices published between 1892 and 1926, after which publication of appendices ended.

The motor vehicle accident kills and maims more of our young people than any other affliction. Yet prevention of injuries and deaths from MVA receives less emphasis in medical education, medical publications and collective political action than the problem merits. In daily practice, there are numerous opportunities for prevention counselling, alcoholic driver case finding, and critical assessment of the privilege of driving. Within their community, family physicians can have input into some preventive programs. At government level, physicians should increase their pressure for legislative action to reduce MVA injuries and deaths.