Suchergebnisse

Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Predictions for Climate and Atmospheric Change -- 1.3 General Mechanisms for Climate Change Impacts on Invertebrates -- 1.4 Themes of the Book -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part I: Methods for Studying Invertebrates and Climate Change -- Chapter 2: Using Historical Data for Studying Range Changes -- Summary -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Review of Historical Data Sets on Species' Distributions -- 2.3 Methods for Using Historical Data to Estimate Species' Range Changes -- 2.4 Challenges and Biases in Historical Data -- 2.5 New Ways of Analysing Data and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3: Experimental Approaches for Assessing Invertebrate Responses to Global Change Factors -- Summary -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Experimental Scale: Reductionist, Holistic and Integrated Approaches -- 3.3 Experimental Design: Statistical Concerns -- 3.4 Experimental Endpoints: Match Metrics to Systems -- 3.5 Experimental Systems: Manipulations From Bottle to Field -- 3.6 Team Science: the Human Dimension -- 3.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4: Transplant Experiments - a Powerful Method to Study Climate Change Impacts -- Summary -- 4.1 Global Climate Change -- 4.2 Climate Change Impacts on Species -- 4.3 Climate Change Impacts on Communities -- 4.4 Common Approaches to Study Climate Change Impacts -- 4.5 Transplant Experiments - a Powerful Tool to Study Climate Change -- 4.6 Transplant Experiment Trends Using Network Analysis -- 4.7 What's Missing in Our Current Approaches? Next Steps for Implementing Transplant Experiments -- Acknowledgements -- References

Introduction to global climate change and terrestrial invertebrates / Scott N. Johnson and T. Hefin Jones -- Using historical measurements for predicting range shifts / Georgina Palmer and Jane K. Hill -- Experimental approaches for assessing invertebrate responses to global change factors / Richard L. Lindroth and Kenneth F. Raffa -- Transplant experiments : a powerful method to study climate change impacts / Sabine S. Nooten and Nigel R. Andrew -- Insect pollinators and climate change / Jessica R.K. Forrest -- Climate change effects on biological control in grasslands / Philippa J. Gerrard and Alison J. Popay -- Climate change and arthropod ectoparasites and vectors of veterinary importance / Hannah Rose, Lauren Ellse and Richard Wall -- Climate change and the biology of insect vectors of human pathogens / Luis Fernando Chaves -- Climate and atmospheric change impacts on aphids as vectors of plant diseases / James M.W. Ryalls and Richard Harrington -- Global climate change, herbivores and their natural enemies / William T. Hentley and Ruth N. Wade -- Climate change in the underworld : impacts for soil-dwelling invertebrates / Ivan Hiltpold, Scott N. Johnson, Rene-Claire Le Bayon and Uffe N. Nielsen -- Impacts of atmospheric and precipitation change on aboveground-belowground invertebrate interactions / Scott N. Johnson, James M.W. Ryalls and Joanna T. Staley -- Forest invertebrate communities and atmospheric change / Sarah L. Facey and Andrew Gherlenda -- Climate change and freshwater invertebrates : their role in reciprocal freshwater-terrestrial resources fluxes / Micael Jonsson and Cristina Canhoto -- Emerging issues and future perspectives for global climate change and invertebrates / Robert J. Thomas, James Vafidis and Renata J. Medeiros

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Linking Aboveground-Belowground Ecology: A Short Historical Perspective -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Merging of Aboveground-Belowground Ecology -- 1.3 The Rise of Aboveground-Belowground Ecology -- 1.4 Consolidation of Aboveground and Belowground Ecology -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2: Belowground Experimental Approaches for Exploring Aboveground-Belowground Patterns -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Ubiquitous Pot Study -- 2.3 Experiments in Controlled Environments -- 2.3.1 Manipulating Plant Factors Belowground -- 2.3.1.1 Simulated Root Damage Experiments -- 2.3.1.2 Split-Root Experiments -- 2.3.1.3 Aboveground-Belowground Olfactometer Experiments -- 2.3.2 Observing Belowground Factors -- 2.3.2.1 Slant Boards, Rhizotrons and Rhizotubes -- 2.3.2.2 X-ray Tomography -- 2.3.2.3 Isotope Labelling -- 2.4 Experiments in the Field -- 2.4.1 Manipulating Belowground Factors in the Field -- 2.4.1.1 Supplementation Experiments -- 2.4.1.2 Exclusion Experiments -- 2.4.2 Observing Patterns in Field Populations -- 2.4.2.1 Chemical and Destructive Sampling -- 2.4.2.2 Non-destructive Methods in the Field -- 2.4.2.3 Natural Abundance of Isotopes in Aboveground and Belowground Organisms -- 2.5 Closing Remarks -- 2.5.1 Belowground Invertebrate Gut Contents -- 2.5.2 Meta-Barcoding -- References -- Chapter 3: Modeling Aboveground-Belowground Interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Models of Aboveground-Belowground Interactions -- 3.2.1 Shoot-Root Interactions -- 3.2.2 Trophic Interactions -- 3.2.3 Plant-Plant Interactions -- 3.2.4 Plant-Plant and Trophic Interactions -- 3.2.5 Mutualistic and Trophic Interactions -- 3.2.6 Community Complexity -- 3.3 The Future of Aboveground-Belowground Models -- 3.3.1 The First Avenue: Model Simplification.