Suchergebnisse

The causes of crime -- The criminal classes and the habitual offender -- Policing England, 1815-1880 -- Capital and corporal punishments: from public to private -- Transportation: convicts to the colonies -- Local prisons: diversity, discipline, centralisation -- Convict prisons: experiencing penal servitude -- Women, crime and custody -- Juvenile offenders: responding to the problem of juvenile crime -- Concluding remarks.

Crime in England, 1815-1880 provides a unique insight into views on crime and criminality and the operation of the criminal justice system in England from the early to the late nineteenth century. This book examines the perceived problem and causes of crime, views about offenders and the consequences of these views for the treatment of offenders in the criminal justice system. The book explores the perceived causes of criminality, as well as concerns about particular groups of offenders, such as the 'criminal classes' and the 'habitual offender', the female offender and the juvenile criminal. I.

This paper provides an overview of Irish dalliances with basic income over the last 40 years in the context of social security reform. A government Green Paper on Basic Income was published in 2002, but the proposals were never progressed. Now, the current 2020 Programme for Government contains a commitment to pilot basic income within the lifetime of the Government. It has transpired that two basic income schemes are being developed – a universal basic income scheme by the Government's Low Pay Commission and a sectoral basic income scheme for artists. The arts proposal is being led by the Green Party Minister for the Arts, a long-time advocate of basic income. The work of the Low Pay Commission is overseen by the Fine Gael leader and Minister for Employment, who has not traditionally supported basic income. Public discourse claims that these are separate proposals with a lack of clarity on whether they will be progressed separately, one will inform the other, or they will become integrated. The work in Ireland has drawn upon other basic income experiments taking place in Europe, especially the Finnish experience. The work to date can make a unique contribution to understanding basic income experimentation in Europe, especially through a government-led, twin-track approach.

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which prison has been seen as both a 'school of crime' and a school of reform; a place for potential further corruption, or through education in prison, a route away from criminality. It explores the methods used, since the early 19th Century, to protect those confined from the corrupting prison environment. In examining prison education in the 1920s, it argues that, despite significant changes in the wider penal system, changes in education and schooling within prison walls, continued to be slow, protracted in developing, and ineffectual in the challenge of reforming prisoners.

AbstractThis article examines the working lives of female prison officers between 1877 and 1939. It documents a relatively under‐researched, but important, period in the history of women's imprisonment in England. In doing so it aims to uncover the working lives of female officers, the role and daily duties of officers, the development of training schools for female staff and to understand the ambiguous role of officers in the 'reform' of prisoners during these decades. The research contextualises the work of the female officer within the changing female prison estate and declining female prison population in this period and examines the ways in which gender and class combined in prison work.

Abstract: This article examines the role and training of prison officers in England, between 1877 and 1914. It is concerned with the changing penal philosophies and practices of this period and how these were implemented in local prisons, and the duties of the prison officer. More broadly, this article argues that the role of the prison officer and their training (from 1896) reflect wider ambiguities in prison policy and practice during this period.

Abstract: Many prisoners believe that the restricted access they have to computer‐mediated communication (CMC) technologies and, in particular, the almost total absence of computers and Internet access in prisons is a form of censure that renders them second‐class citizens in the Information Age. This article examines contemporary rationales and historical precedents for denying prisoners the means to communicate (both with each other and with those outside the prison) and argues that the prevention of communication, a pivotal feature of the Victorian and Edwardian prison regime, represents a significant continuity in the experience of prison life in the 21st Century.

Abstract
In this paper the authors draw on a qualitative study of low-work-intensity households in a disadvantaged suburb of Dublin in 2016–17 to identify some of the gaps in Ireland's reformed 'one-stop shop' Public Employment Service. Drawing on the issues recognised as being required in an integrated Public Employment Service, the paper draws attention to gaps in information; training; services that support employment, such as childcare and housing; and links to employers. The authors conclude by drawing lessons on the issues which need to be addressed for a more tailored Public Employment Service.