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La France est actuellement au premier rang des productions européennes de poulets et d'œufs biologiques. Ces productions ne représentent toutefois au mieux que quelques pourcents de la production nationale. Elles sont en régression pour le poulet ou stable pour l'œuf et ne couvrent pas les besoins du marché intérieur. Dans un contexte à la fois de demande du citoyen, d'une volonté politique nationale affichée et d'évolution du règlement européen, l'aviculture biologique française pourrait reprendre sa croissance en saisissant ces opportunités pour se développer. Aussi nous proposons d'analyser les atouts et les verrous qui caractérisent ce mode de production. Les analyses multicritères de ces productions restent à conduire à l'échelle du territoire. Elles devront prendre en compte les différentes composantes biotechniques, depuis la gestion agronomique des sols jusqu'au produit terminal, en passant par la production territorialisée des matières premières végétales, de même que les composantes économiques, sociétales ou politiques. Au-delà des images positives que les produits biologiques véhiculent en termes de bien-être, de qualité des produits ou de bilan environnemental, certaines contraintes déjà identifiées sont autant d'obstacles à leurs développements. Il convient donc de les analyser finement et de les prendre en compte afin de définir de nouveaux itinéraires de production et de ommercialisation. Ceux-ci devront permettre de concilier un développement cohérent et durable, répondant à des attentes sociétales complexes, de produire des produits de qualité, respectueux de l'environnement, accessibles au plus grand nombre et favorisant l'emploi rural et le développement des territoires. Cette problématique complexe constitue l'objet de deux programmes de recherches pluriannuels complémentaires initiés en 2009, AlterAviBio et AviBio. ; France currently leads European organic chicken and egg production. Each production, however, represents only a small percentage of national production. Organic production has declined for chicken and remains stable for eggs, but each does not cover the respective domestic demand. The French organic poultry industry could resume growth by taking advantage of new opportunities for development within a context that includes consumer pressures, expressed political will, and evolution of European regulations. We analyse the advantages and bottlenecks characteristic of these types of production. Multicriteria analyses of these production systems must be done at the national scale. They should include the various biotechnical components, from agricultural soil management to the final product, via regional production of raw vegetable matter, along with economic, social, and political components. Despite the positive image that organic products have in terms of animal welfare, product quality, or environmental respect, some previously identified constraints are obstacles to their development. It is therefore necessary to take them into account and carefully analyse them to define new production and commercial paths. These paths should accommodate a consistent and sustainable development, meet society's complex expectations, produce products of quality that respect the environment and are available to many, and favour rural employment and regional development. This complex problem is the object of two complementary pluriannual research programmes beginning in 2009, AlterAviBio and AviBio.

National audience ; France currently leads European organic chicken and egg production. Each production, however, represents only a small percentage of national production. Organic production has declined for chicken and remains stable for eggs, but each does not cover the respective domestic demand. The French organic poultry industry could resume growth by taking advantage of new opportunities for development within a context that includes consumer pressures, expressed political will, and evolution of European regulations. We analyse the advantages and bottlenecks characteristic of these types of production. Multicriteria analyses of these production systems must be done at the national scale. They should include the various biotechnical components, from agricultural soil management to the final product, via regional production of raw vegetable matter, along with economic, social, and political components. Despite the positive image that organic products have in terms of animal welfare, product quality, or environmental respect, some previously identified constraints are obstacles to their development. It is therefore necessary to take them into account and carefully analyse them to define new production and commercial paths. These paths should accommodate a consistent and sustainable development, meet society's complex expectations, produce products of quality that respect the environment and are available to many, and favour rural employment and regional development. This complex problem is the object of two complementary pluriannual research programmes beginning in 2009, AlterAviBio and AviBio. ; La France est actuellement au premier rang des productions européennes de poulets et d'œufs biologiques. Ces productions ne représentent toutefois au mieux que quelques pourcents de la production nationale. Elles sont en régression pour le poulet ou stable pour l'œuf et ne couvrent pas les besoins du marché intérieur. Dans un contexte à la fois de demande du citoyen, d'une volonté politique nationale affichée et ...

National audience ; France currently leads European organic chicken and egg production. Each production, however, represents only a small percentage of national production. Organic production has declined for chicken and remains stable for eggs, but each does not cover the respective domestic demand. The French organic poultry industry could resume growth by taking advantage of new opportunities for development within a context that includes consumer pressures, expressed political will, and evolution of European regulations. We analyse the advantages and bottlenecks characteristic of these types of production. Multicriteria analyses of these production systems must be done at the national scale. They should include the various biotechnical components, from agricultural soil management to the final product, via regional production of raw vegetable matter, along with economic, social, and political components. Despite the positive image that organic products have in terms of animal welfare, product quality, or environmental respect, some previously identified constraints are obstacles to their development. It is therefore necessary to take them into account and carefully analyse them to define new production and commercial paths. These paths should accommodate a consistent and sustainable development, meet society's complex expectations, produce products of quality that respect the environment and are available to many, and favour rural employment and regional development. This complex problem is the object of two complementary pluriannual research programmes beginning in 2009, AlterAviBio and AviBio. ; La France est actuellement au premier rang des productions européennes de poulets et d'œufs biologiques. Ces productions ne représentent toutefois au mieux que quelques pourcents de la production nationale. Elles sont en régression pour le poulet ou stable pour l'œuf et ne couvrent pas les besoins du marché intérieur. Dans un contexte à la fois de demande du citoyen, d'une volonté politique nationale affichée et ...