Suchergebnisse

Innovation is an important determinant of development that is of particular importance in developing and emerging economies. For this reason, the aim of this research is to analyze innovation in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe from a long-term perspective, covering 2015-2022, and to classify the studied economies taking into account the dynamic approach to the development of innovation. The article uses data from the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS), descriptive statistics, and cluster analysis as a method of unsupervised learning. The research results indicate the existence of five innovation development paths in the analyzed region: (1) very low average innovativeness, regressive or low rate of innovation change, very large distance to the EU average; (2) low average innovativeness, high pace of innovation changes, large distance to the EU average; (3) medium average innovation, low rate of innovation change, large distance to the EU average; (4) high average innovation, high rate of innovation change, small distance to the EU average; and (5) very high average innovation, low rate of innovation change, zero distance to the EU average.

The hard coal mining industry in the European Union (EU) is in decline, mostly due to a lack of price competitiveness. It is maintained, to a great extent, by state aid; a key objective of the industry's existence is to provide energy security and guarantee employment in the mining regions. In Poland, the hard coal mining industry is currently undergoing a serious crisis that threatens the two largest mining enterprises with bankruptcy. In addition, due to the European Union's restrictions concerning the circumstances of granting state aid, these enterprises cannot count on the financial support for the repair restructuring that they used on a large scale until 2011. Therefore, in this article, the main objective is to determine the influence of state aid on the competitiveness of the hard coal mining industry in 12 countries of the EU, including Poland in specific. In order to achieve the stated objective, the article is divided into three parts. The first part consists of a literature review and legal regulations that are related to state aid for the hard coal mining industry in the EU are presented. The second part identifies the amount of state aid for the mining industry in the examined countries. Next, the influence of the state aid on the economic-financial conditions and competitiveness of the industry in the examined countries is examined. The third assesses the financial results of 24 Polish hard coal mines. The data of Eurostat and EURACOAL were used in the research. Furthermore, the primary data from the Polish mines of power hard coal were also used. The research methodology includes the indicators from the area of effectiveness and productivity assessment, as well as production quality assessment in the mining industry. The research results make it possible to extend knowledge in the range of the influence of the state on the competitiveness of the traditional industries and their restructuring.

Artykuł dotyczy zmian zachodzących na regionalnych rynkach pracy w Polsce w latach 2005–2010. Najistotniejszym czynnikiem oddziałującym na rynek pracy było w tym okresie przystąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej, wywołujące potrzebę dostosowań o charakterze strukturalnym. Przedstawiona w artykule analiza statystyczna bazuje na danych publikowanych przez GUS w Rocznikach Statystycznych Województw i obejmuje: zmiany poziomu i struktury sektorowej zatrudnienia oraz zmiany poziomu produktywności pracy i wynagrodzeń. Wyjściowymi hipotezami badawczymi były stwierdzenia, że w analizowanym okresie poprawiła się struktura zatrudnienia według sektorów, zmniejszyły się rozpiętości wynagrodzeń między regionami i występował związek między produktywnością pracy a wynagrodzeniami. Na podstawie danych statystycznych dotyczących okresu 2005–2010 stwierdzono, że spośród postawionych hipotez badawczych, jedynie trzecią można uznać za w pełni potwierdzoną. Większość danych podważa hipotezę o zmniejszeniu rozpiętości regionalnych na rynku pracy. Zmiany struktury zatrudnienia były o tyle korzystne, że nastąpił spadek udziału w zatrudnieniu sektora drugiego (przemysłu i budownictwa) oraz wzrost udziału w zatrudnieniu sektora trzeciego (usług?). Pięciolecie 2005–2010 przyniosło jednak także niezgodny z oczekiwanymi tendencjami długookresowymi, wzrost udziału w zatrudnieniu sektora pierwszego.

Artykuł dotyczy zmian zachodzących na regionalnych rynkach pracy w Polsce pod wpływem kryzysu gospodarczego. Analiza statystyczna bazuje na danych publikowanych przez GUS i obejmuje zmiany poziomu zatrudnienia i bezrobocia w latach 2006–2009 w Polsce oraz poziomu i struktury sektorowej zatrudnienia na regionalnych rynkach pracy. Na podstawie danych statystycznych dotyczących zatrudnienia określono regiony, które wyróżniają się pozytywnie na tle kraju, jeśli chodzi o zaawansowanie procesów zmian struktury zatrudnienia w kierunku charakterystycznym dla okresu postindustrialnego. Potwierdza to tezę, że wyżej rozwinięte i bardziej zdywersyfikowane pod względem bazy gospodarczej regiony lepiej radzą sobie w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego. W konsekwencji prowadzi to do pogłębienia zróżnicowania sytuacji na regionalnych rynkach pracy.

"This book considers and examines the concept of a Smart City in the context of improving the quality of life and sustainable development in Central and Eastern European cities. The Smart City concept has been gaining popularity in recent years, with supporters considering it to be an effective tool to improve the quality of life of the city's residents. In turn, opponents argue that it is a source of imbalance and claim that it escalates the problems of social and economic exclusion. This book therefore assesses the quality of life and its unsustainability in Central and Eastern European cities within the context of the Smart City concept and from the perspective of key areas of sustainable development. Using case studies of selected cities in Central and Eastern Europe and representative surveys of Polish cities, this book illustrates the process of creating smart cities and their impact on improving the quality of life of citizens. Specifically, the book investigates the conditions that a Smart City has to meet to become sustainable, how the Smart City concept can support the improvement of the residents' quality of life, and how Central and Eastern European countries create smart city solutions. Containing both theoretical and practical content, this book will be of relevance to researchers and students interested in smart cities and urban planning, as well as city authorities and city stakeholders who are planning to implement the Smart City concept"--

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Smart City: A Holistic Approach -- Origin and Essence of the Smart City Concept -- The Evolution of the Smart City: From the High-Tech City to the Sustainable City -- References -- 2: Areas of Logistical Support for Cities -- Urban Logistics and City Logistics System -- Urban or City Logistics? -- City Logistics System -- Flow of People in the City -- Cargo Flow in the City -- Logistical Aspects of Waste Management -- References -- 3: Logistic Maturity of Cities -- The Context of Maturity -- Logistic Maturity -- Logistic Maturity of the City -- References -- 4: Logistics Innovation in Smart Cities -- Innovation in City Logistics -- Intelligent Logistics Solutions in Cities: Case Studies -- References -- 5: Methodology for Assessing the Impact of City Logistics Maturity on the Level of City Intelligence -- Methodology for Assessing the Advancement of Cities in Terms of Smart City Solutions -- Methodology for Assessing the Impact of the City's Logistics Maturity on the City's Advancement Level in Terms of Smart City Solutions -- References -- 6: Logistics Maturity of Polish Cities on the Way to Smart City -- The Level of Development of Polish Cities in the Implementation of the Smart City Concept: Research Results -- The Level of Logistics Maturity of the Cities Studied: Research Results -- Assessing the Impact of the City's Logistics Maturity on the City's Advancement Level in Terms of Smart City Concept -- Conclusions -- Index.

A smart city is a city that collates data via various technological methods, and uses insights gleaned from this data to manage assets, resources, services and operations more efficiently. Though the concept of smart cities is fairly new, there is a vast amount of interest in the topic, exploring how technological advances can be used to better manage the integration of business and operations within a city, as well as how sustainable choices can be written into the fabric of an urban space. This book explores logistics within smart cities: the greater logistical demands of a smart city, how logistics can be adapted to new challenges, and what sort of new logistical support a smart city will need. The book pays particular attention to how logistical innovation within a smart city can lead to greater sustainability in the city, and on a global level. It will be of interest to academics working in logistics, urban planning, innovation management, digital technology, sustainability management, and operations management.

This book identifies the impact of internal and external stakeholders on the implementation of sustainable development policies in the coal mining sector in Europe and Commonwealth Of Independent States. The book assesses what activities and conditions need to be improved so sustainable development policies can be more effectively and efficiently implemented. With a specific focus on the hard coal and lignite mining sectors, it examines a broad range of case studies from Eastern European countries and Commonwealth Of Independent States, including Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Kazakhstan, Germany, Spain, France and United Kingdom, among many more. Beginning with an introduction to sustainable development and stakeholder theory, Part II then examines internal stakeholders, including owners, managers, employees and trade unions. Part III examines external stakeholders, touching upon those directly related to the mining industry, such as customers and mining enterprises, and those not directly associated such as local and regional communities and environmental organisations. The book concludes by proposing a model approach to the management of stakeholders involved in mining enterprises, focusing on improving the process of implementing sustainable development in the mining sector and strengthening the effects of this process. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the extractive industries, natural resource management and policy and sustainable development.