Suchergebnisse

The spiny lobster Jasus tristani inhabits the Tristan da Cunha Island archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean 2,400km from the West coast of South Africa. It is commercially exploited across the archipelago and is the main economic source of income for the local government as it accounts for nearly 80% of the local gross domestic product. The commercial rock lobster industry was established in 1949, and the fishery is currently recognised as sustainable, and as a result was awarded a Marine Stewardship Council Certification in 2011. That same year however, the sinking of the OLIVA at Nightingale Island spilt 60,000 tonnes of soya beans (Glycine max), greatly affecting the local benthic environment, and with probable consequences for the local food web, including the diet of J. tristani. It is still unclear whether the soya beans are still on the seafloor at Nightingale Island as there have been no scientific surveys conducted since the spill. Using samples from 2015, I assessed whether the diet of the lobsters from Nightingale Island differs from that of lobsters from the unaffected Tristan and Inaccessible Islands, and whether there is any evidence of soya in the diet of the lobsters from Nightingale Island. In addition, I examined whether diet differed between lobsters of small or large size, and between shallow and deep depths. In total, 540 lobsters were sampled across the three islands, and a combination of gut content and stable isotope (SI) analysis was conducted to assess the dietary components of the lobsters. Gut fullness was significantly less at Nightingale Island suggesting there may be less food available on the reef. Statistical analyses showed that diet differed between all islands, depths and sizes, although this was difficult to ascertain from visual multidimensional scaling plots as diet showed considerable overlap and variability both within and between islands, depths and sizes. The stable isotope analysis showed significant differences in nitrogen levels among the three

The aim of this study was to consider the retirement experiences of British male professional association footballers by utilising Foucault's analysis of discipline discussed in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Specifically, we drew upon Foucault to consider how, through the various techniques and instruments of discipline, the professional football context produces 'docile footballing bodies' and how this might influence a player's experiences in retirement. We gathered our empirical material using a Foucauldian-informed interview framework with 25 former professional male football players between the ages of 21 and 34. Our analysis suggested that retirement from football was both a challenge and a relief for our participants, and that their extended period of time within football's strong disciplinary apparatus significantly influenced how they experienced their retirement.

This report describes the main characteristics of Member States' additional air pollutant PaMs reported through the EEA PaM tool as required by Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of national emission of certain atmospheric pollutants (the 'NECD'). The report also explores the potential synergies between air pollution and climate PaMs that Member States report under the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR, EU 525/2013). Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of national emission of certain atmospheric pollutants (the 'NECD') requires Member States to report additional policies and measures (PaMs) through the EEA PaM tool that the Member States considered and selected in view of fulfilling their emissions reduction commitments. Of these PaMs reported through the EEA PaM too, the transport sector had the highest number of individual PaMs selected for adoption reported, followed by agriculture, and energy consumption and supply. This is not all that surprising given the persisting air pollution issues in these sectors, although conclusions on the quality of the PaMs cannot be drawn from the actual quantity of PaMs. One third (116) of the PaMs reported as selected for adoption were submitted under both NECD and the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR, EU 525/2013), showing that a significant number of PaMs that will reduce air pollutant emissions will also reduce GHG emissions. However, there is a potential lack of synergy in policies around the use of solid biomass; air pollution policies aim to decrease its usage due to the negative impacts on air pollution, whereas climate policies aim to increase its usage due to the reduction in GHG emissions compared to fossil fuels. Further integration of the air pollution and climate policy reporting systems could foster coherence across the two policy domains and support the identification of synergies and conflicts. ; OCP/EEA/ACC/18/001-ETC/ATNI

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a published work that appeared in final form in Teachers and Teaching: Theory and practice. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2021.1933421 ; The aim of this paper is to examine Associate Teachers' (ATs) views on dialogic mentoring. More specifically it consider, the views of 48 ATs who were involved in an Initial Teacher Education (ITE) partnership that has emerged in response to several changes that have occurred in Welsh education. Educational reforms in Wales have highlighted the value of mentoring and the new ITE partnership is uniquely committed to a dialogic approach. A questionnaire and three focus group interviews were used to generate data from the 48 ATs who were completing a one-year postgraduate programme. Thematic analysis was then used to interrogate the data and identify patterns of response. Adopting a dialogic approach was found to remove some of the anxiety around formal observations and help establish trusting collaborative relationships where ATs were willing to take risks. The dialogic approach was more democratic and gave ATs a stronger voice, but this also created some conflict as mentors' own beliefs were more likely to be questioned. The dialogic approach relied on mentors being fully invested in the process and being committed to open conversations about learning.

AbstractDeveloping countries are known to exploit their resource frontier to achieve growth objectives and reduce poverty. This can lead to long-term positive outcomes or – if resource exploitation is unsustainable – lose–lose outcomes that leave populations and ecosystems worse off. This paper introduces a dynamic model of resource exploitation to explain how regions may succumb to, avoid or escape this negative outcome. The theoretical model characterizes a frontier community that uses soil as an input into agricultural production. The model shows that there may be a critical point in the soil stock that determines whether agricultural activities lead to sustainable development or a collapse in local income. This suggests that, in the event of a resource collapse, temporary adjustments to the system may permanently rehabilitate the resource base and change a community's development pattern. Calibration of the model to several frontier states of the Brazilian Amazon points toward an overall outcome of steady development.

In this article, we present a poststructuralist reading of Claire's (a pseudonym) experiences of receiving video-based coaching in elite level field hockey. Data were gathered through a series of in-depth interviews that formed part of a recursive and iterative data collection and analysis process. Interpreting Claire's stories through a neo-Foucauldian application of Mathiesen's synopticon revealed how the presence of a video camera mediated Claire's practice and imposed a critical gaze, one that became collectively and institutionally consumed. We argue that the thoughts presented in this paper have significant implications for coach practice and education and that, as a result, there is a need for further critical inquiry into coaches' uses of video-based technology.

Member States have to report every two years on their national greenhouse gas policies and measures. In 2021, EU Member States reported a total of 2 052 expired, existing and planned policies and measures. This is again a marked increase in the number of policies and measures reported by Member States, that partially can be explained by the implementation of the National Energy and Climate Plans. Quantitative evidence on the effectiveness and costs and benefits of these measures remains insufficiently reported.