Suchergebnisse

Provides historical context for controversial modern criminal justice practices that disproportionately impact African Americans today Gathers and analyzes historical and contemporary criminal justice cases which have had a significant impact on race relations in America Covers three centuries of racialized criminal law and criminal justice practice

The consequences of implementing the Personal Responsibility & Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) are contemplated. It is asserted that contemporary research has shown that the PRWORA has not entirely succeeded in making welfare recipients self-sufficient, some recipients remain unaware of changes to welfare receipt mandated by the PRWORA, & this legislation has done little to help homeless individuals. After addressing how the PRWORA has exacerbated the nation's poverty problem, the negative effects this legislation has had upon various local & state governments are covered. Moreover, it is speculated that the lifetime limit upon welfare receipt may create significant problems for recipients & their families. It is concluded that welfare reform remains an ideologically contentious issue & will require additional scholarly attention. 15 References. J. W. Parker

Examines the impact of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 in the US; some focus on youth, education, and drugs; includes some comparison with Australia; 7 articles. Contents: The protagonists and ideas behind the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996: the enactment of a conservative welfare system, by Brendon O'Connor; Work first and forget about education: New York City's Personal Responsibility Act and the creation of a workplace underclass, by Delores Jones-Brown, Jacqueline Mahoney; Some new killing trick: welfare reform and drug markets in a U.S. urban ghetto, by Sylvie C. Tourigny; Pregnant drug users: scapegoats of Reagan/Bush and Clinton-era economics, by Sheigla Murphy, Paloma Sales; The post-welfare state and the government of youth at-risk, by Peter Kelly; Exchange, reciprocity, and citizenship--principles of access and the challenge to human rights in the third sector: an Australian perspective, by Patricia M. Short, Allyson Mutch; Conclusion--when all is said and done, by Sylvie C. Tourigny, Delores Jones-Brown.

In a collection of compelling contributions to the study of the nexus between race, crime, and justice, noted scholars in the field critique many long-held assumptions and myths about race, challenging criminal justice policymakers to develop new and effective strategies for dealing with the social problems such misunderstandings create. In sections devoted to criminological theory, law enforcement, courts and the law, juvenile delinquency, and gender, contributors endeavor to dispel myths about African-American involvement in the criminal justice system. In so doing, a number of important fac

The repeat use of fatal force against unarmed people of color has driven global protests against police violence and fueled criticism of policing as a mechanism for public safety. In the US, calls to abolish, transform, or reform policing have reemerged with a primary focus on the elimination of structural racism. In this essay, we contend that a two-tier policing problem exists. The first is the continued use of policing to enforce racial dominance through policing practices labeled as "proactive". The second is contemporary "warrior-style" police training that normalizes the expectation of unquestioned compliance with police directives and authorizes police to use physical force in its absence. This dangerous combination results in over-policing the public generally and Black members of the public specifically. Select incidents are provided to support these claims. We conclude by expressing support for the call to reallocate portions of policing budgets toward other government and community-based structures that function to enhance the ability of people to survive and thrive rather than operate as mechanisms of pre-adjudication punishment and state-sanctioned coercion.

Argues that mentor programs represent a viable strategy for delinquency prevention, using evidence from the Big Brothers/Big Sisters Project (BB/BS) and the federal Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP); includes governmental approaches, such as boot camps and waiver; since 1993, chiefly; US.