Suchergebnisse

Abstrak -- Salah satu bagian penting dari kepentingan strategis AS di Asia terletak di kawasan Asia Tenggara, yang semakin terancam oleh pengaruh dan dominasi China; sementara cengkeraman Cina di wilayah ini menguat, AS tampaknya melonggarkan cengkeramannya. Setidaknya ada dua isu utama yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan ini. Yang pertama adalah ketidakpastian dalam persengketaan di Laut Cina Selatan (LCS); tekanan AS pada Tiongkok baik secara diplomatis maupun kehadiran militer hanya menunjukkan dampak terbatas, dan kurang meyakinkan bagi para pemimpin di Asia Tenggara. Dan yang kedua adalah strategi AS yang tidak jelas untuk mengimbangi peningkatan hubungan ekonomi China dengan kawasan ini. Kebijakan AS dalam dua masalah ini akan menentukan masa depan hubungan antara AS dan kawasan Asia Tenggara, dan secara signifikan mempengaruhi strategi rebalancing AS di Asia, makanya, harus ditangani dengan tepat. Studi ini menemukan bahwa AS harus mengadopsi strategi TAMPIL BESAR tetapi DAMAI di Laut Cina Selatan, dan menjadi mitra LEBIH BAIK untuk negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Inilah strategi kemenangan AS yang lebih mungkin terhadap Asia Tenggara, dan yang akan menopang strategi rebalancing AS di Asia Pasifik.Kata Kunci: Strategi Kemenangan dan Penyeimbangan, Wilayah Asia Tenggara, Kekuasaan dalam Hubungan Internasional Abstract -- An important part of the U.S.' broader strategic interests in Asia lays in the Southeast Asian region, which is increasingly threatened by China's growing influence and domination; while the China's grip on the region is strengthening, the U.S seems to be loosening its grip. At least there are two central issues that have contributed to the change. The first is an uncertainty in the South China Sea (SCS) dispute; the U.S.' pressures on China both diplomatically and by military presence have shown only a limited impact, and have been less convincing to the Southeast Asian leaders. And the second is an unclear strategy of the U.S. to balance against the growing importance of China's economic ties with the region. The outcome of these two issues would determine the future relations between the U.S. and the Southeast Asian region, and significantly affect the U.S. rebalancing strategy in Asia, therefore, should be properly addressed. The study found that the U.S. should adopt the strategy of going BIG but PEACEFUL in the South China Sea, and being a BETTER partner for the Southeast Asian countries. This seems more possible to be a winning strategy towards Southeast Asia, and critical to sustain the U.S.'s rebalancing strategy in Asia Pacific."Keywords: Winning and Rebalancing Strategy, Southeast Asia Region, Power in International Relations

: Indonesia has potential in cooperation on the intermission of UN peacekeeping tasks, although the need for UN intermission does not occur frequently (incidentally), but it needs to be prepared in order to anticipate opportunities and challenges in the development of the situation in UN PKOs, as has happened to the Indonesian Armed Forces Engineer Company Taskforce/Garuda Contingent. XXXII-C, through a decision-making mechanism based on the UN Resolution in UN PKOs to carry out the intermission of peacekeeping tasks from Haiti to Central Africa (2014-2015). The Kizi Taskforce TNI/Konga XXXIIC/MINUSTAH or Konga XXXVII-A/MINUSCA, can complete their duties as UN peacekeepers on duty at the UN Mission in MINUSTAH - Haiti and carry out UN Peace Task Intermissions in MINUSCA, in order to prepare missions in the African Republic Center (CAR). On this "rare" opportunity, the UN intermission process can be carried out properly through effective diplomacy and negotiations, so that the TNI/Konga XXXII-C Kizi Taskforce can carry out tasks in two different missions at once. And on this occasion, the researcher tries to explore the data in the form of a research entitled "Implementation of the United Nations Peacekeeping Taskforce; Case Study of Intermission of Satga IEC/Konga XXXII-C from Haiti to Central Africa (2014-2015)", In this study, I tried to explain the mechanism and implementation of the UN peacekeeping mission, accompanied by various challenges and obstacles faced in the area of operation. as well as the steps and efforts taken to overcome them, so that the task of ending the mission of the IEC/Garuda contingent in Haiti and the reopening of the UN mission in the Central African Republic can take place safely and smoothly. The researcher explored this research, considering that this form of intermission assignment rarely occurs, not only in the IEC Taskforce/Garuda Contingent, but also in UN peacekeeping operations.

Abstrak -- Batalyon Artileri Pertahanan Udara Sedang 14/PWY merupakan Satuan Bantuan Tempur di bawah komando Kodam III/Siliwangi. yang bertugas pokok untuk melaksanakan perlindungan udara secara aktif terhadap obyek vital yang telah ditetapkan yaitu PT Persero Pertamina RU VI Balongan. Satuan ini memiliki alutsista Meriam 57mm S-60 Tanpa Alat Kendali Tangan (T-AKT) yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan tugas pokoknya. Penelitian ini dirancang guna memperoleh pemahaman tentang Kemampuan satuan Arhanud dalam melindungi obyek vital nasional. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilaksanakan untuk: pertama, menganalisa kemampuan satuan Arhanud dalam melindungi obyek vital nasional, kedua menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembangunan kekuatan/ kemampuan satuan Arhanud dalam melindungi obyek vital nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data lebih banyak dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data saat peneliti berada di lapangan, analisis data menggunakan analisis domain. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah Cirebon dan Indramayu (Batalyon Arhanudse 14/PWY dan lokasi gelar alutsista). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kemampuan satuan Arhanud dalam melindungi obyek vital nasional; 2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kemampuan/kekuatan satuan Arhanud. Kemampuan satuan Arhanud ini ditinjau dari teori pertahanan, teori strategi militer, teori kebijakan, teori deterrence dan konsep force employment.Kata kunci: Artileri Pertahanan Udara, strategi militer, deterrence, konsep force employment Abstract -- The 14th Air Defense Artillery Battalion is a Combat Relief Unit under the command of Kodam III / Siliwangi. which is in charge of carrying out active air protection against vital objects that have been established, namely PT Persero Pertamina RU VI Balongan. This unit has defense equipment 57mm S-60 Cannon Without Hand Control Equipment (T-AKT) used in carrying out its main tasks. This study was designed to gain an understanding of the ability of Arhanud units in protecting national vital objects. Research objectives, for: first, analyze ability of air defense artilery units to protect national vital objects, second, analyze the factors that influence the development of the strength/ capability of the air defense artilery unit in protecting national. this uses qualitative methods. Data is obtained through observation, interviews and literature studies. More data analysis techniques are carried out simultaneously with data collection when researchers are in the field, analyzing data using domain analysis. Research locations in the regions of Cirebon and Indramayu (Arhanudse-14/PWY Battalion and location of defense equipment titles). The results of the study show that: 1) The ability of Arhanud units to protect national vital objects; 2) Factors that influence the increase in Arhanud's unit capacity / strength. Arhanud's unit capability is viewed from defense theory, military strategy theory, policy theory, deterrence theory and the concept of force employment.Keywords: Air Defense Artilery, Military Strategy, deterrence, force employment concept

Abstrak -- Dalam upaya modernisasi kekuatan militer, Pemerintah melalui kebijakan Minimum Essential Force merumuskan rangkaian kegiatan yang tepat guna dan memiliki nilai srategis untuk jangka panjang yang tersusun dalam rencana strategis. Salah satu diantaranya pengembangan dan produksi bersama rudal C-705. Pengembangan dan produksi bersama rudal C-705 merupakan salah satu dari tujuh alutsista strategis rumusan KKIP yang dinilai memiliki peran signifikan dalam proyeksi jangka panjang guna mengurangi ketergantungan impor alutsista dan sanksi embargo. Hal demikian mendorong pemerintah mengeluarkan UU. No. 16/2012 Tentang Industri Pertahanan yang mana menyertakan IDKLO (Imbal Dagang, Kandungan Lokal, dan Offset) dalam pengadaan alutsista guna memiliki kemampuan penguasaan teknologi dan membangun industri pertahanan dalam negeri yang mandiri. Permasalahan yang ingin diteliti yakni diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dalam proses upaya alih teknologi rudal C-705 dan dampak diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia terhadap kerja sama dalam upaya alih teknologi rudal C-705. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melaui pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui snowball sampling dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dalam proses alih teknologi rudal C-705 merupakan instrumen pendukung strategi hedging agar tidak terjebak dalam permainan politik ekonomi China yang berakibat merugi akibat salah memilih dan berjuang lebih prinsipil dalam peran strategisnya melalui kebijakan MEF dengan tiga pendekatan yakni engagement, soft balancing, dan enmeshing. Lebih lanjut, kerja sama industri pertahanan dalam upaya alih teknologi rudal C-75 berdampak terhadap bargaining power Indonesia dalam menjalankan diplomasi pertahanan untuk meningkatkan Confidence Building Measures, Capacity Building, dan membantu industri pertahanan dalam kemandirian rudal.Kata Kunci: modernisasi kekuatan militer, diplomasi pertahanan, kebijakan MEF, rudal C-705 Abstract -- In an effort to modernize military power, Indonesia's Government took a Minimum Essential Force policy, incuding joint development and production of C-705 missiles. Hereinafter, joint development and production of C-705 missiles become one of seven strategic defense equipment which is considered in long-term projections to reduce the dependence on imported defense equipment and sanctions for embargoes. Hence, through an act No. 16/2012 regarding the Defense Industry, the procurement process of defense equipment enclosed IDKLO (Trade, Local Content and Offset) for mastering technology and build an independent domestic defense industry. This research aims to analyze Indonesian defense diplomacy in the process of transfering C-705 missile technology and how the impact of Indonesia's defense diplomacy on cooperation transfer of missile technology C-705. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method through a case study approach with data collection techniques by snowball sampling and literature studies. The results showed that Indonesian defense diplomacy in the process of transferring C-705 missile technology is supporting hedging strategy to hedge up in China's economic political game through MEF with three approaches namely engagement, soft balancing, and enmeshing. Furthermore, defense industry cooperation in efforts to transfer C-705 missile technology affected to Indonesia's bargaining power in conducting defense diplomacy to increase Confidence in Building Measures, Capacity Building, and assist mastering of missile technology in term of upgrading defense industry in missile independence.Keywords: modernization of military power, defense diplomacy, MEF policy, C-705 missile

The structure of defense spending in Indonesia State Budget consists of three types of spending, which are routine expenditure, goods expenditure, and capital expenditure. It shows the changes in consumption expenditure contribution, direct investment expenditure, and indirect investment from the government. According to The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Indonesia presents a low level of security stability among 138 countries. Due to the terrorism threat, Indonesia is ranked 115 (Global Competitive Index or GCI=4,2) for business cost, at the 102nd ranking (GCI=3,9) for the business cost caused by crime and violence, and 108th ranking (GCI=4,1) for organized crime. This study aims to examine the impact of military expenditure on security stability in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study is explanatory, it aims to explain the causal relationship between variables and hypothesis testing. This study employs the time series data with per semester data series through 2000-2018. The research model is formulated as a recursive linear model in the form of a Cobb-Douglas production function and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square method. The result reveals that both military expenditure and security expenditure have impacted simultaneously on security stability. The integration of all components of military expenditure synergistically can increase Security Stability. The components of spending that have a partially significant positive effect on Security Stability are expenditures on goods and capital expenditures.

Dalam mencapai dan mengamankan kepentingan negara, diplomasi selalu menjadi pilihan negara sebagai cara dominan untuk meraih tujuan tersebut. Dalam pelaksanaannya, negara dapat menggunakan sumber-sumber kekuatan yang dimiliki, antara lain, kekuatan militer, ekonomi, politik, intelijen dan sebagainya. Penggunaan militer sebagai salah satu instrumen dalam diplomasi sudah menjadi hal yang tidak terhindarkan lagi. Semua pihak pasti sepakat bahwa dalam berdiplomasi, negosiasi merupakan inti dari diplomasi, sehingga kemenangan dalam bernegosiasi juga bisa diartikan sebagai kemenangan dalam berdiplomasi. Untuk bisa bernegosiasi dengan baik, kekuatan bargaining position merupakan syarat penting yang harus dimiliki oleh suatu bangsa. Posisi tawar suatu bangsa sangat dipengaruhi oleh national power bangsa dan salah satu komponen yang menonjol dari national power tersebut adalah komponen militer. Hal inilah yang membuat militer sulit untuk dipisahkan dari diplomasi negara. Penelitian ini dirancang guna memperoleh pemahaman tentang diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana peran diplomasi pertahanan Indonesia dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional serta bagaimana mengoptimalkannya dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran diplomasi pertahanan dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data lebih banyak dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data saat peneliti berada di lapangan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan wilayah Kota Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) peran diplomasi pertahanan dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional belum optimal dan capaiannya masih sebatas pada isu pertahanan semata; 2) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran diplomasi pertahanan ditinjau dari beberapa dimensi yaitu dimensi kapasitas dan kapabilitas TNI, dimensi Kerjasama antar instansi dan dimensi penyusunan strategi diplomasi.Kata Kunci : Diplomasi pertahanan, strategi diplomasi, kepentingan nasional

In achieving and securing national interests, diplomacy always plays significant role. In its implementation, the state uses all of its nationally available resources including military, economy, politics, intelligence and any other resources available. The use of military as an instrument in diplomacy is inevitable. The general consensus is that negotiation forms a core component of diplomacy. Winning in negotiation, therefore, can be likened to winning in diplomacy. In order to gain leverage during negotiations, gaining a better bargaining position is an important requirement and this strongly relies on a nation's power of which one of the key components is the military. In this regard, the military power cannot be separated from state diplomacy. This research is designed to understand the role of Indonesia's defense diplomacy in achieving national interests. The objectives of this research are: First, to analyze the role of Indonesian defense diplomacy in achieving national interests and how to optimize it, and secondly, to analyze the factors that influence this role. This research employs qualitative method. All data is obtained through observation, interviews and literature studies. Data analysis is carried out simultaneously with data collection when the researcher is in the field. The research location is at Jakarta City. We can draw two conclusions from the result of the research: 1) The role of defense diplomacy in achieving national interests has not been optimal and its achievements are still limited to defense issues only; 2) Factors influencing the role of defense diplomacy include the capacity and capability of Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI), cooperation between agencies, and formulation of diplomacy strategy.Keywords: Defense diplomacy, diplomacy strategy

Women expand their feminist value to protect local societies from conflict impacts which put mostly women and children as victims, in line with the growth of women's capacity in peacekeeping operations. Women perform a significant role as peacekeepers in UN missions for peace and conflict resolutions to create a counterbalance in masculine dominance of UN Peacekeeping Operations based on UNSCR 1325. Women have played an important role as peacekeepers in the UN missions for peace and conflict resolution, to build trust among local communities especially women and children who are vulnerable to sexual harassment and violence. This paper will analyze the strategic role of Indonesia's female peacekeepers in peace and conflict resolution under UN missions with a qualitative method in the concept of gender equality based on a phenomenological approach. This research finds that Indonesia's female peacekeepers can provide approaches that can foster the inclusive peace process and become a role model for local women to achieve their right socially and politically. Indonesia's female peacekeepers prove their vital part in fostering the achievement of peace and conflict resolution with a psychosocial approach that emphasizes psychological recovery and social development by Indonesian Peacekeeping Contingent under UN Missions.