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Classical Indian music came into contact with the West in the 1920s, & the two traditions underwent some hybridization. Folk music in India persists alongside classical music. India now also has popular music, consisting primarily of film scores. Music has a pyramidal social structure dominated by a few masters; musicians are from various castes, frequently from those specializing in music. A new mass audience has emerged, & has created a substantial music industry. Several sociological studies of Indian music are reviewed. 1 Table, 6 Photographs, 16 References. W. H. Stoddard.

We undertake an extensive literature survey and segregate the methods mainly into two approaches: parametric and non-parametric. Further, we categorise the non-parametric techniques into the Growth Accounting Approach and the Deterministic Frontier Approach. The evaluation and development of methods used in the study of productivity growth measurement is a continuous process over the years, even if we found a longstanding critical debate from the classical school, popularly known as the Cambridge controversy. This article presents a holistic review of methods for documenting the growth debates in independent India, which helps understand the concepts for the new researcher in the field and the policymakers in the developing and less developed countries. JEL Codes: D24, E24, O47

Marijuana, derived from plants of the genus Cannabis, is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. Marijuana is illegal at the federal level and remains a Drug Enforcement Agency Schedule 1 substance. Nevertheless, most states have passed less stringent legislation related to its use, ranging from decriminalization of possession to allowing medical or even recreational use, and some county and municipal law enforcement agencies have refrained from prosecuting personal possession and/or use even when statute would require such action. Therefore, as use of marijuana becomes more common in the larger population, more patients who are chronic and/or heavy users of marijuana present for surgical procedures, raising the question of best practices to care for these patients in the perioperative period. This review summarizes the known physiologic effects of marijuana in humans, discusses potential implications of marijuana use that the anesthesiologist should consider at each phase of the perioperative period, and outlines recommendations for future study.