Suchergebnisse

Introduction: Jews and Roma in the Shadow of Genocide -- 1. Roma and Jews in Nazi Europe -- 2. Surviving Postwar Reconstruction -- 3. Blank Pages: Early Documentation Efforts -- 4. Asymmetrical Justice: Roma and Jews in the Courtroom -- 5. Jewish Institutions and the Rise of Romani Holocaust Scholarship -- 6. The Path to Shared Romani-Jewish Remembrance after 1978 -- Conclusion: Stages of a Relationship

A major new history of the genocide of Roma and Jews during World War II and their entangled quest for historical justiceJews and Roma died side by side in the Holocaust, yet the world did not recognize their destruction equally. In the years and decades following the war, the Jewish experience of genocide increasingly occupied the attention of legal experts, scholars, educators, curators, and politicians, while the genocide of Europe's Roma went largely ignored. Rain of Ash is the untold story of how Roma turned to Jewish institutions, funding sources, and professional networks as they sought to gain recognition and compensation for their wartime suffering.Ari Joskowicz vividly describes the experiences of Hitler's forgotten victims and charts the evolving postwar relationship between Roma and Jews over the course of nearly a century. During the Nazi era, Jews and Roma shared little in common besides their simultaneous persecution. Yet the decades of entwined struggles for recognition have deepened Romani-Jewish relations, which now center not only on commemorations of past genocides but also on contemporary debates about antiracism and Zionism.Unforgettably moving and sweeping in scope, Rain of Ash is a revelatory account of the unequal yet necessary entanglement of Jewish and Romani quests for historical justice and self-representation that challenges us to radically rethink the way we remember the Holocaust

A major new history of the genocide of Roma and Jews during World War II and their entangled quest for historical justiceJews and Roma died side by side in the Holocaust, yet the world did not recognize their destruction equally. In the years and decades following the war, the Jewish experience of genocide increasingly occupied the attention of legal experts, scholars, educators, curators, and politicians, while the genocide of Europe's Roma went largely ignored. Rain of Ash is the untold story of how Roma turned to Jewish institutions, funding sources, and professional networks as they sought to gain recognition and compensation for their wartime suffering.Ari Joskowicz vividly describes the experiences of Hitler's forgotten victims and charts the evolving postwar relationship between Roma and Jews over the course of nearly a century. During the Nazi era, Jews and Roma shared little in common besides their simultaneous persecution. Yet the decades of entwined struggles for recognition have deepened Romani-Jewish relations, which now center not only on commemorations of past genocides but also contemporary debates about antiracism and Zionism.Unforgettably moving and sweeping in scope, Rain of Ash is a revelatory account of the unequal yet necessary entanglement of Jewish and Romani quests for historical justice and self-representation that challenges us to radically rethink the way we remember the Holocaust

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Antisemitism, Anti-Catholicism, and Anticlericalism -- 2. Jewish Anticlericalism and the Making of Modern Citizenship in the Late Enlightenment -- 3. Romanticism, Catholicism, and Oppositional Anticlericalism -- 4. Reforming Judaism, Defending the Family: Jews in the Catholic-Liberal Conflicts at Midcentury -- 5. Jews in the Transnational Culture Wars: Secularism and Anti-Papal Rhetoric -- 6. Representative Secularism: Jewish Members of Parliament and Religious Debate -- 7. Nationalism, Antisemitism, and the Decline of Jewish Anti-Catholicism -- Conclusion: Rethinking European Secularism from a Minority Perspective -- Abbreviations in the Endnotes -- Notes -- Index

Scholarship on Romani (Gypsy) migration has typically focused either on longue durée patterns of persecution and marginalization or on Roma migrants within Europe since the fall of communism. This article shows how the westward migration of Roma after the Second World War and during the early years of the Cold War breaks with several common assumptions about the history of displaced persons, refugees, and Roma alike. Contrary to claims about unbroken continuities in the persecution of European Roma, in the immediate postwar years officers of the International Refugee Organization used 'Gypsy' as a privileged category that improved an applicant's changes of getting support from the organization. Internationalization thus offered a brief respite from discrimination for one of the only ethnic refugee groups without its own lobby. This situation changed by the 1950s, when national refugee administrations replaced the earlier international refugee regimes established in the wake of the war. Roma became an exception at a time when West European governments were accepting asylum-seekers from Eastern Europe as part of their ongoing Cold War propaganda efforts. In this period government officials concerned with protecting national interests reverted to earlier classifications of 'Gypsies' as nomads who were, by definition, not refugees.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction. Rethinking Jews and Secularism -- 1. ''Our Rabbi Baruch'': Spinoza and Radical Jewish Enlightenment -- Reading Mendelssohn in Late Ottoman Palestine: An Islamic Theory of Jewish Secularism -- Tradition and the Hidden: Hannah Arendt's Secularization of Jewish Mysticism -- Messianism Without Messiah: Messianism, Religion, and Secularization in Modern Jewish Thought -- In the Name of the Devil: Reading Walter Benjamin's ''Agesilaus Santander'' -- The Secular and Its Dissonances in Modern Jewish Literature -- Civil Society, Secularization, and Modernity Among Jews in Turn-of-the-Century Eastern Europe -- Secular French Nationhood and Its Discontents: Jews as Muslims and Religion as Race in Occupied France -- Galician Haskalah and the Discourse of Schwa¨rmerei -- Secularism and Neo-Orthodoxy: Conflicting Strategies in Modern Orthodox Fiction -- Secularism and Nationalism: The Modern Halakhic Discourse on the Identity and Boundaries of the Jewish Community -- Between Supersessionism and Atavism: Toward a Neo-Secular View of Religion -- Secularism, the Christian Ambivalence Toward the Jews, and the Notion of Exile -- ''Eleven Calendars'': Beyond Secular Time -- Notes -- List of Contributors -- Index -- Acknowledgments