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This article examines price fixing and bid rigging by applying the theory of the economics of crime to explain the calculus of the individual decision maker in the firm. This approach departs somewhat from the traditional approach to investigations of collusion. The latter has emphasized market structure and firm interrelationships while it has ignored the characteristics of the firm itself. But analyses ignoring firm organizational and financial structure are incomplete insomuch as these factors are crucial to the incentives and costs that the decision maker confronts. This paper offers an alternative approach in which price‐fixing and bid‐rigging offenders' prominent characteristics apparently are mirrored in defendant firms and individuals that the Antitrust Division has prosecuted recentlv.

Federal & state gov efforts to improve the nation's health focus particular attention on the necessity of increasing the number of MD's. Yet, evidence from several studies suggests weak linkages between health & the number of MD's. This study surveys civilian health & the number of MD's during the period of mobilization in the US during the 1940's. It is shown that because health generally improved over a period when MD manpower was substantially depleted does not warrant the conclusion that MD's are not important in improving health--even when health is measured by mortality rates. Reduced numbers of MD's are shown to have had a measurable negative impact on civilian health over the period. Sound policy in health may, however, lead to a cutback of subsidies to produce more MD's in favor of improving health in other less expensive ways. Modified HA.