Marian Wolfgang Koller used to be considered the very best astronomer from Carniola next to Augustin Hallerstein. Today, his work connected with the Dalton Minimum is again in limelight as the alternative explanation of global warming phenomena. Koller wrote precise notes of six semestrial courses of Josef Stefan to promote Stefan's talents. By using the international connection of his patron Koller, Stefan published at least twenty articles in the British Philosophical Magazine, some of them also in Paris and Geneva.
Karel Dežman's research of the karst phenomena was examined. Among his works the cave research, description of Proteus, other cave animals and plants were found. A special concern was put on Dežman's sources dealing with Proteus research. As the custodian of the Land Museum of Ljubljana, Dežman promoted the Ljubljanian natural history research of his time. His scientific works are not very well known because he did not follow the political line of the official Slovenian national representatives.
This article describes nine Central European Jesuits from the Austrian province who embarked for China in the 17th and 18th centuries. Their European educational networks provide useful insights into the abilities of the absburg Monarchy to meet Chinese Imperial demands. The focus is on feedback of their adopted Chinese network back to their own homes. The Europeans and Chinese-based Jesuits exchanged instruments, books, artifacts, and letters. The exception was Johannes Grueber, who personally traveled back to Europe accompanied by Diestel from Carniola, and helped Athanasius Kircher to produce the appealing legend of Jesuit astronomical heroes in Beijing.The Jesuits acted as intermediate in the exchange of know-how between Europe and China. In modern Chinese eyes they were also somewhat viewed as spies, who helped European military and economic victories in the mid-19th century. Modern China is now as strong as it was in the times of Old Jesuit Society, therefore the Europocentric history of science must be rewritten from the standpoint of today's winning Chinese economy. What kind of science will Western Civilization import from the future Chinese literati? The Jesuits' transfer of European Sciences to the Far-Easterners caused the reverse impact from seemingly less developed centers of Far East that was felt in Jesuits' times, but much more is to follow in the near future. We could expect the fundamental future Chinese achievements in cosmology, especially in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
This article describes nine Central European Jesuits from the Austrian province who embarked for China in the 17th and 18th centuries. Their European educational networks provide useful insights into the abilities of the absburg Monarchy to meet Chinese Imperial demands. The focus is on feedback of their adopted Chinese network back to their own homes. The Europeans and Chinese-based Jesuits exchanged instruments, books, artifacts, and letters. The exception was Johannes Grueber, who personally traveled back to Europe accompanied by Diestel from Carniola, and helped Athanasius Kircher to produce the appealing legend of Jesuit astronomical heroes in Beijing.The Jesuits acted as intermediate in the exchange of know-how between Europe and China. In modern Chinese eyes they were also somewhat viewed as spies, who helped European military and economic victories in the mid-19th century. Modern China is now as strong as it was in the times of Old Jesuit Society, therefore the Europocentric history of science must be rewritten from the standpoint of today's winning Chinese economy. What kind of science will Western Civilization import from the future Chinese literati? The Jesuits' transfer of European Sciences to the Far-Easterners caused the reverse impact from seemingly less developed centers of Far East that was felt in Jesuits' times, but much more is to follow in the near future. We could expect the fundamental future Chinese achievements in cosmology, especially in Einstein's general theory of relativity. ; V pričujočem članku je opisanih devet srednjeevropskih jezuitov iz avstrijske province, ki so delali na Kitajskem v 17. in 18. stoletju. Njihove evropske izobraževalne mreže zagotavljajo koristen vpogled v tedanje možnosti Habsburške monarhije za izpolnjevanje potreb Kitajskega imperija. Izpostavljene so povratne informacije o jezuitskem raziskovanju kitajske mreže znanj poslane nazaj v domače evropske logove. Evropejci in jezuiti na Kitajskem so medsebojno izmenjevali znanstvene instrumente, knjige, umetnine in pisma. Le Johannes Grueber je v spremstvu Kranjca Diestela osebno odpotoval nazaj v dobro staro Evropo in pomagal Athanasiusu Kircheru zasnovati privlačno legendo o pekinških znanstvenih junakih jezuitske astronomije.Jezuiti so delovali kot vmesni člen v evropsko-kitajski izmenjavi znanja in izkušenj. V sodobnih kitajskih očeh so bili tudi svojevrstni vohuni, ki so po svoje pripomogli k evropskim vojno-gospodarskim zmagam nad Kitajci sredi 19. stoletja. Sodobna Kitajska je zdaj spet močna, kot je bila v časih stare jezuitske Družbe, zato potrebujemo revizijo evro-centrične zgodovine znanosti predelane s stališča današnjega zmagovalnega kitajskega gospodarstva. Kakšno znanosti bo zahodnjaška civilizacija uvažala od prihodnjih kitajskih učenjakov? Jezuitski prenos evropske znanosti na Daljni Vzhod je povzročil obraten prenos znanj iz na videz manj razvitih središč Daljnega Vzhoda, kar je bilo čutiti v jezuitskih časih, veliko več pa bo sledilo v bližnji prihodnosti. Predvsem lahko pričakujemo temeljne prihodnje kitajske dosežke v kozmologiji, še posebej pa v Einsteinovi splošni teorije relativnosti.
