Suchergebnisse

Rivera López: Los desafíos de la medicina y la genética contemporáneas. - S. 11-32. Schramm, Fermín Rolando: Bioética de la protección, vulnerabilidad y amenaza desde una perspectiva laica. - S. 33-48. Donadio Maggi de Gandolfi, María Celestina: La naturaleza salvaguarda la vida y la bioética. - S. 49-62. Cristina, Juan: Bioética, biología molecular y biotecnología: una aproximación ética a las ciencias básicas y sus aplicaciones. - S. 63-80. Torres, Juan Manuel: La influencia de los servicios genéticos en la teoría de la salud y en el proceso de genetización. - S. 81-100. Henke, Rudolf: No al octavo día de la creación. - S. 101-114. Lensing, Werner: Derecho y ética de la medicina moderna. - S. 115-126

International audience ; One hundred samples of dried fruits (20 dried raisins, 20 walnuts, 20 peanuts, 20 dried figs and 20 pistachios) and twenty samples of rice purchased from retail shops of Rabat and Salé area in Morocco were analyzed for ochratoxin A (OTA) by immunoaffinity (IAC) clean-up and LC with fluorimetric detection. The limit of quantification (LOQ) (S/N, 10:1) of OTA was 0.021 ng/g in rice, 0.027 ng/g in pistachio, peanut and walnut and 0.030 ng/g in dried raisins and dried figs. The incidence of OTA in dried raisins, walnuts, peanuts, dried figs and rice were 30, 35, 25, 65 and 90 % respectively. Analytical results showed that pistachio samples were with no detectable levels. OTA concentrations ranged from 0.02±0.01 to 32.4±2.10 ng/g in rice, from 0.10±0.05 to 2.36±0.75 in peanut, from 0.03±0.01 to 1.42±0.45 in dried figs, from 0.05±0.02 to 4.95±0.02 in dried raisins and from 0.04±0.01 to 0.23±0.05 in walnut. Results showed also that 15% of total analyzed samples of rice exceeded the maximum residue level (MRL) set by European Union regulations for OTA in cereals (European Commission 2002). This is the first report on the occurrence of OTA in dried fruits and rice available in Morocco.

Background: The subtype diversity of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes is unknown in Venezuela. Methodology/Principal Findings: Partial sequencing of the NS5B region was performed in 310 isolates circulating in patients from 1995 to 2007. In the samples collected between 2005 and 2007, HCV genotype 1 (G1) was the most common genotype (63%), composed as expected of mainly G1a and G1b. G2 was the second most common genotype (33%), being G2a almost absent and G2j the most frequent subtype. Sequence analysis of the core region confirmed the subtype assignment performed within the NS5b region in 63 isolates. The complete genome sequence of G2j was obtained. G2j has been described in France, Canada and Burkina Fasso, but it was not found in Martinique, where several subtypes of G2 circulate in the general population. Bayesian coalescence analysis indicated a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of G2j around 1785, before the introduction of G1b (1869) and G1a (1922). While HCV G1a and G1b experienced a growth reduction since 1990, coincident with the time when blood testing was implemented in Venezuela, HCV G2j did not seem to reach growth equilibrium during this period. Conclusions/Significance: Assuming the introduction of G2j from Africa during the slave trade, the high frequency of G2j found in Venezuela could suggest: 1- the introduction of African ethnic groups different from the ones introduced to Martinique or 2- the occurrence of a founder effect. This study represents an in-depth analysis of the subtype diversity of HCV in Venezuela, which is still unexplored in the Americas and deserves further studies. ; Fil: Sulbarán, Maria Z. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas; Venezuela ; Fil: Di Lello, Federico Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina ; Fil: Sulbarán, Yoneira. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas; Venezuela ; Fil: Cosson, Clarisa. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas; Venezuela ; Fil: Loureiro, Carmen. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas; Venezuela ; Fil: Rangel, Héctor R. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas; Venezuela ; Fil: Cantaloube, Jean F. Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée. Unité Emergence et Co-évolution virale; Francia ; Fil: Campos, Rodolfo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina ; Fil: Moratorio, Gonzalo. Universidad de la Republica; Uruguay. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; Uruguay ; Fil: Cristina, Juan. Universidad de la Republica; Uruguay ; Fil: Pujol, Flor H. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas; Venezuela

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is one of the five agents considered most significant for cattle. It is important to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of BLV throughout the country in order to gain a more thorough understanding of the current situation of BLV and to reveal the possibility of masked genotypes that the primers used by OIE are unable to identify. Blood samples were collected at random from 289 cows distributed in 75 farms across the country. PCR amplification of env, gag and tax gene segments was performed. The obtained amplicons were sequenced and then subjected to phylogenetic analyses. A total of 62% of the cows present at 92% of the farms were BLV-positive for gag fragment. Genotype 1 was exclusively detected by env gene segment when analyzed using previously reported primers. However, tax gene analysis revealed circulation of genotype 6 variants, which were also detected based on env gene analysis with newly designed primers. These results indicate that current genotyping approaches based on partial env sequencing may bias BLV genetic variability approaches and underestimate the diversity of the detected BLV genotypes. This report is one of the first molecular and epidemiological studies of BLV conducted in Colombia, which contributes to the global epidemiology of the virus; it also highlights the substantial impact of BLV on the country's livestock and thus is a useful resource for farmers and government entities. © 2020 The Authors