Suchergebnisse

The history of the Civil War and the Franco Dictatorship is no longer the exclusive preserve of historians, and there are now hundreds of people who wish to address this past in political terms and, in the case of the heirs of the victims of Francoism, ethical terms. This is a new social
dimension for history, with testimony playing the main role. But the most significant events of the Civil War and the Dictatorship had already been investigated previously as the result of painstaking work by dozens of historians over the last forty years. This article begins with a brief
overview on the historiography of the Spanish Civil War and the Dictatorship, examines the political violence that they generated and concludes with some remarks on the relationship between history and memory, the new social dimension of the past that permeates both the debate and political
controversy nowadays in Spain.

This article recounts the notorious and tragic events that occurred in May 1937 in Barcelona during the civil war, when the Republican government and revolutionary forces of the left violently confronted each other. This led to wider in-fighting, the failure of mediation, a high death
toll and the fall of the Largo Caballero government. It also gave rise to the widely held view that internal divisions fatally weakened the Republic, a view which the author re-examines here.

Commenting on the political controversy that has sprung up around the Catalan parliament's decision to seek approval from the Cortes on an amended and strengthened version of its autonomy Statute, in which Catalonia declares itself a nation, Julin Casanova reflects on historic reactions
to Catalan aspirations for autonomy and deplores the resurgence of anti-catalanism.

Risk Analysis Vol.32 Nr.11, 1978 - 1993 ; There are four operating nuclear power plant (NPP) units in Finland. The Teollisuuden Voima (TVO) power company has two 840 MWe BWR units supplied by Asea-Atom at the Olkiluoto site. The Fortum corporation (formerly IVO) has two 500 MWe VVER 440/213 units at the Loviisa site. In addition, a 1600 MWe European Pressurized Water Reactor supplied by AREVA NP (formerly the Framatome ANP-Siemens AG Consortium) is under construction at the Olkiluoto site. Recently, the Finnish Parliament ratified the government Decision in Principle that the utilities' applications to build two new NPP units are in line with the total good of the society. The Finnish utilities, Fenno power company, and TVO company are in progress of qualifying the type of the new nuclear builds. In Finland, risk-informed applications are formally integrated in the regulatory process of NPPs that are already in the early design phase and these are to run through the construction and operation phases all through the entire plant service time. A plant-specific full-scope probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is required for each NPP. PRAs shall cover internal events, area events (fires, floods), and external events such as harsh weather conditions and seismic events in all operating modes. Special attention is devoted to the use of various risk-informed PRA applications in the licensing of Olkiluoto 3 NPP

There are four operating nuclear power plant (NPP) units in Finland. The Teollisuuden Voima (TVO) power company has two 840 MWe BWR units supplied by Asea‐Atom at the Olkiluoto site. The Fortum corporation (formerly IVO) has two 500 MWe VVER 440/213 units at the Loviisa site. In addition, a 1600 MWe European Pressurized Water Reactor supplied by AREVA NP (formerly the Framatome ANP—Siemens AG Consortium) is under construction at the Olkiluoto site. Recently, the Finnish Parliament ratified the government Decision in Principle that the utilities' applications to build two new NPP units are in line with the total good of the society. The Finnish utilities, Fenno power company, and TVO company are in progress of qualifying the type of the new nuclear builds. In Finland, risk‐informed applications are formally integrated in the regulatory process of NPPs that are already in the early design phase and these are to run through the construction and operation phases all through the entire plant service time. A plant‐specific full‐scope probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is required for each NPP. PRAs shall cover internal events, area events (fires, floods), and external events such as harsh weather conditions and seismic events in all operating modes. Special attention is devoted to the use of various risk‐informed PRA applications in the licensing of Olkiluoto 3 NPP.