Suchergebnisse

The law enforcement sector of our state is a separate mechanism which each element performs a clearly defined functional role that ensures social justice, protection and security of population, territorial integrity of Ukraine. These factors are an incomplete list of features that explain the importance of state activity in law enforcement or human rights. The latter brings together a large array of different actors each of which is entrusted with part of power or socially significant tasks. However, when carrying out law enforcement activities, authorized entities cannot always be able to address certain complex issues that require specific professional knowledge, skills and abilities. Therefore, for their resolving, law enforcement agencies cooperate with specially authorized entities that powers include conducting forensic examinations, in particular, forensic science institutions. In this context, it should be emphasized that ensuring effective cooperation between forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies is virtually impossible without creating appropriate administrative and legal framework for implementation of legal relations in this direction. It should be noted that in recent years, the legislator scientific circles pays more and more attention to activities of forensic science institutions and law enforcement agencies. However, this does not preclude existence of a number of organizational and legal issues in implementation of these entities of their joint activities. Thereby in the framework of the presented research we aimed to find out essence, content and features of administrative and legal bases of interaction of forensic science institutions with law enforcement agencies, make maximum use of foreign experience, and develop proposals and recommendations to improve legislation in this area. ; Правоохоронний сектор будь-якої держави є окремим механізмом, кожний елемент якого виконує чітко визначену функційну роль, забезпечуючи соціальну справедливість, захист і безпеку населення, територіальну цілісність держави. Ці чинники пояснюють значення державної діяльності за правоохоронним або ж правозахисним напрямом. Останній об'єднує значний масив різноманітних суб'єктів, на кожного з яких покладено частину владних повноважень або суспільно-значущих завдань. Водночас, здійснюючи правоохоронну діяльність, уповноважені суб'єкти не завжди мають змогу вирішувати складні питання, які потребують специфічних професійних знань, умінь і навичок: задля їх вирішення правоохоронні органи взаємодіють зі спеціальними суб'єктами, до повноважень яких належить проведення судових експертиз (зокрема, ідеться про судово-експертні установи). У цьому контексті варто підкреслити, що забезпечення ефективної взаємодії судово-експертних установ і правоохоронних органів є фактично неможливим без створення належних адміністративно-правових засад реалізації прововідносин у цьому напрямі. Останнім часом законодавці й науковці приділяють дедалі більше уваги діяльності судово-експертних установ і правоохоронних органів. Однак зазначене не виключає наявності низки проблем організаційного та правового характеру під час здійснення цими суб'єктами їх спільної діяльності. Саме тому ми мали на меті з'ясувати сутність, зміст та особливості адміністративно-правових засад взаємодії судово-експертних установ із правоохоронними органами, максимально використати досвід зарубіжних країн, а також розробити пропозиції та рекомендації, спрямовані на вдосконалення законодавства у цій сфері.

The article provides an overview of the Ukrainian Law on Higher Education – defined innovations, establishing a higher education organization, financing and quality assurance principles for the development of competitive human capital guidelines. The article compares these aspects between two countries, Lithuania and Ukraine, emphasizing research and studies in the sphere, giving some insight on these systems. Also authors discusses possible improvements, according to the two states existing best practices in higher education in different areas of Strategy. ; Aukštasis mokslas yra neatskiriama strategijos "Europa 2020" dalis ir pagrindinė priemonė, siekiant Europoje sukurti pažangią, tvarią ir integracinę visuomenę bei ekonomiką, jis atlieka lemiamą vaidmenį skatinant asmeninę raidą ir visuomenės pažangą, daro poveikį inovacijoms bei moksliniams tyrimams ir padeda rengti aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojus, kurių reikia žiniomis grindžiamos ekonomikos augimui ir visuomenės gerovei užtikrinti. Aukštojo mokslo politika valstybėse yra neatsiejama nuo pasaulinės globalizacijos procesų. Aukštasis mokslas jau senai yra pripažįstamas kaip priemonė siekiant gerinti ir kelti žmogiškąjį kapitalo lygį, tačiau jis tampa ir nacionalinių inovacijų sistemų dalimi ir gali prisidėti prie valstybių ekonominės pažangos. Straipsnyje analizuojamos Ukrainos aukštojo mokslo įstatyme įtvirtintos naujovės, nustatančios aukštojo mokslo organizavimo, finansavimo ir kokybės užtikrinimo principus, konkurencingo žmogiškojo kapitalo rengimo gaires. Yra lyginamos dviejų valstybių, Lietuvos ir Ukrainos, mokslo ir studijų sistemos, pateikiamos tam tikros įžvalgos dėl šių sistemų tobulinimo gairių, atsižvelgiant į abiejų valstybių esamą gerąją patirtį atskirose aukštojo mokslo strategijos įgyvendinimo srityse. Apibendrinant nustatyta, kad globalizacijos procesų kontekste, valstybės turi keistis gerąja patirtimi įgyvendinant mokslo ir studijų politiką savose valstybėse. Pastaruoju metu labai daug kalbama tiek Ukrainoje, tiek Lietuvoje apie aukštojo mokslo problemas. Šios susidariusios situacijos reikalauja ryžtingų sprendimų aukščiausiu valstybiniu lygiu, suteikiant tam tikrą teisę sprendimus priimti aukštosioms mokykloms, tuo skatinant ir palaikant jų autonomiškumą.

The article provides an overview of the Ukrainian Law on Higher Education – defined innovations, establishing a higher education organization, financing and quality assurance principles for the development of competitive human capital guidelines. The article compares these aspects between two countries, Lithuania and Ukraine, emphasizing research and studies in the sphere, giving some insight on these systems. Also authors discusses possible improvements, according to the two states existing best practices in higher education in different areas of Strategy. ; Aukštasis mokslas yra neatskiriama strategijos "Europa 2020" dalis ir pagrindinė priemonė, siekiant Europoje sukurti pažangią, tvarią ir integracinę visuomenę bei ekonomiką, jis atlieka lemiamą vaidmenį skatinant asmeninę raidą ir visuomenės pažangą, daro poveikį inovacijoms bei moksliniams tyrimams ir padeda rengti aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojus, kurių reikia žiniomis grindžiamos ekonomikos augimui ir visuomenės gerovei užtikrinti.Aukštojo mokslo politika valstybėse yra neatsiejama nuo pasaulinės globalizacijos procesų. Aukštasis mokslas jau senai yra pripažįstamas kaip priemonė siekiant gerinti ir kelti žmogiškąjį kapitalo lygį, tačiau jis tampa ir nacionalinių inovacijų sistemų dalimi ir gali prisidėti prie valstybių ekonominės pažangos.Straipsnyje analizuojamos Ukrainos aukštojo mokslo įstatyme įtvirtintos naujovės, nustatančios aukštojo mokslo organizavimo, finansavimo ir kokybės užtikrinimo principus, konkurencingo žmogiškojo kapitalo rengimo gaires. Yra lyginamos dviejų valstybių, Lietuvos ir Ukrainos, mokslo ir studijų sistemos, pateikiamos tam tikros įžvalgos dėl šių sistemų tobulinimo gairių, atsižvelgiant į abiejų valstybių esamą gerąją patirtį atskirose aukštojo mokslo strategijos įgyvendinimo srityse.Apibendrinant nustatyta, kad globalizacijos procesų kontekste, valstybės turi keistis gerąja patirtimi įgyvendinant mokslo ir studijų politiką savose valstybėse. Pastaruoju metu labai daug kalbama tiek Ukrainoje, tiek Lietuvoje apie aukštojo mokslo problemas. Šios susidariusios situacijos reikalauja ryžtingų sprendimų aukščiausiu valstybiniu lygiu, suteikiant tam tikrą teisę sprendimus priimti aukštosioms mokykloms, tuo skatinant ir palaikant jų autonomiškumą.

Just as we never get a second chance to make a good first impression, we may equally be deprived of a unique chance to act both as witnesses and evaluators of the centennial after regaining the independence of the Republic of Lithuania if we fail to review and assess this period. Therefore, we have to seize the opportunity and reflect upon the twisting path of our history since regaining the independence of the state until the current situation. The centennial development of law cannot be disembodied from the story of state's development. One can treat law both as a pathfinder and as a legal guide of the state; however it can likewise be applied as an instrument to solely ensure proper functioning of the state. Creating an effective system of law is not a one-day project; it is the process requiring deliberation, constant effort and deep awareness, otherwise the system will be doomed to failure or malfunctioning. Every state or nation is believed to deserve such a legal system as the efforts that the state puts to ascertain and develop it. The centennial period since the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Lithuania can unmistakably be described as a unique one: on the one hand the state was faced with the challenges of restoration and creation in various areas of the state and the society; it later experienced the loss of independence and survived 50 years of occupation; it eventually restored an independent state and was repeatedly faced with fresh challenges of re-establishing a historically-literate, well-structured and well-functioning state-governance system in both national and international levels. On the other hand, the technological and communications progress intensified the recent hundred years to such an extent that it clearly outdistances any previous centennials. Advancement of information technologies intensifies our time, our law, while huge amounts of information and its immense spread accelerate the pace of our life and our history. New forms of social relations and new branches of law emerge all in need of proper legal regulation. The study "The Development of the Lithuanian Law within the Period of 1918-2018: the Centennial Experience and Prospects" is a result of joint research efforts of more than 50 outstanding lawyers representing different areas of law from Mykolas Romeris University, Vytautas Magnus University, and Vilnius University. The study, dedicated to the Centennial of Lithuanian statehood due in 2018, presents the results of scientific research on legal science and major branches of law, covering the period of 1918-beginning of 2018 (information presented in the study covers a period until end-2017); it reflects upon the centennial development of Lithuanian law, discusses its major characteristics, tendencies and preconditions of their formation; it examines its influence on the state and state authorities and envisages possible impact on the development of law in the future. The Lithuanian law of 1918-2018 is analysed from the perspective of three statehood periods. 1918-1940 is the period when the independence of the Republic of Lithuania was declared, the groundwork for the statehood was laid and an independent legal system was being established. 1940- 1990 denotes the period of occupation, when the authentic legal system of Lithuania was destroyed and the Soviet legal system was forcibly entrenched. The latter was based on socialist ideology and the superiority of governmental authority over the civil society. It is not easy to evaluate the span of 1990- 2018 as the impartial assessment of it is seriously hindered by the authors' partial attitude towards the existing surrounding phenomena. [.]

Just as we never get a second chance to make a good first impression, we may equally be deprived of a unique chance to act both as witnesses and evaluators of the centennial after regaining the independence of the Republic of Lithuania if we fail to review and assess this period. Therefore, we have to seize the opportunity and reflect upon the twisting path of our history since regaining the independence of the state until the current situation. The centennial development of law cannot be disembodied from the story of state's development. One can treat law both as a pathfinder and as a legal guide of the state; however it can likewise be applied as an instrument to solely ensure proper functioning of the state. Creating an effective system of law is not a one-day project; it is the process requiring deliberation, constant effort and deep awareness, otherwise the system will be doomed to failure or malfunctioning. Every state or nation is believed to deserve such a legal system as the efforts that the state puts to ascertain and develop it. The centennial period since the restoration of the independence of the Republic of Lithuania can unmistakably be described as a unique one: on the one hand the state was faced with the challenges of restoration and creation in various areas of the state and the society; it later experienced the loss of independence and survived 50 years of occupation; it eventually restored an independent state and was repeatedly faced with fresh challenges of re-establishing a historically-literate, well-structured and well-functioning state-governance system in both national and international levels. On the other hand, the technological and communications progress intensified the recent hundred years to such an extent that it clearly outdistances any previous centennials. Advancement of information technologies intensifies our time, our law, while huge amounts of information and its immense spread accelerate the pace of our life and our history. New forms of social relations and new branches of law emerge all in need of proper legal regulation. The study "The Development of the Lithuanian Law within the Period of 1918-2018: the Centennial Experience and Prospects" is a result of joint research efforts of more than 50 outstanding lawyers representing different areas of law from Mykolas Romeris University, Vytautas Magnus University, and Vilnius University. The study, dedicated to the Centennial of Lithuanian statehood due in 2018, presents the results of scientific research on legal science and major branches of law, covering the period of 1918-beginning of 2018 (information presented in the study covers a period until end-2017); it reflects upon the centennial development of Lithuanian law, discusses its major characteristics, tendencies and preconditions of their formation; it examines its influence on the state and state authorities and envisages possible impact on the development of law in the future. The Lithuanian law of 1918-2018 is analysed from the perspective of three statehood periods. 1918-1940 is the period when the independence of the Republic of Lithuania was declared, the groundwork for the statehood was laid and an independent legal system was being established. 1940- 1990 denotes the period of occupation, when the authentic legal system of Lithuania was destroyed and the Soviet legal system was forcibly entrenched. The latter was based on socialist ideology and the superiority of governmental authority over the civil society. It is not easy to evaluate the span of 1990- 2018 as the impartial assessment of it is seriously hindered by the authors' partial attitude towards the existing surrounding phenomena. [.]