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This paper examines the innovative restructuring of industry in Northwestern Russia, an area that includes St. Petersburg and its hinterlands and extends to the Barents Sea and the Ural Mountains. Profound restructuring of resource-based industries is taking place there although at a slow rate. The paper elaborates upon the reasons for the slow recovery of industry and searches for ways to explain the innovative restructuring of the Northwestern Russian economy. This research explicates that restructuring is partly regulated by inherited institutional and organizational structures and restricted by the flaws of the service sector. The importance of political choices in development is also discussed. The region's role in the division of labor within Europe is considered and viewed as an incentive for restructuring. In concluding, the elements of theories of innovative restructuring of industry and selective spatial modernization are presented. ; published version ; peerReviewed

This paper examines the innovative restructuring of industry in Northwestern Russia, an area that includes St. Petersburg and its hinterlands and extends to the Barents Sea and the Ural Mountains. Profound restructuring of resource-based industries is taking place there although at a slow rate. The paper elaborates upon the reasons for the slow recovery of industry and searches for ways to explain the innovative restructuring of the Northwestern Russian economy. This research explicates that restructuring is partly regulated by inherited institutional and organizational structures and restricted by the flaws of the service sector. The importance of political choices in development is also discussed. The region's role in the division of labor within Europe is considered and viewed as an incentive for restructuring. In concluding, the elements of theories of innovative restructuring of industry and selective spatial modernization are presented.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Figures and tables -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Development issues in marginal regions -- PART ONE - THEORETICAL ISSUES -- 3 From highlands and high -latitude zones to marginal regions -- 4 A century of shifting perceptions and development issues of marginality -- 5 An integrated systemic approach to marginal regions: from definition to development policies -- 6 Effects of systemic marginality -- 7 Clusters of marginal microregions -- 8 Marginality and development in Italy: a study review -- 9 From territorial marginality to marginality in cybersociety -- PART TWO - REGIONAL PERCEPTIONS -- 10 International perspectives on socio-spatial marginality -- 11 Regional perceptions of marginality: a view from southern Europe -- 12 The perception of marginality: the Middle East -- 13 Perceptions of marginality in the United States and Canada -- 14 A perception of Argentine agrarian marginality dynamics -- 15 Marginality in regional policy research: a view from the Nordic Countries -- PART THREE - CASES OF MARGINALITY -- 16 Settlement strategies and development in Arctic North America and Greenland -- 17 Community participation as empowerment? Planning for change in remote Aboriginal Australia -- 18 Demographic dimensions of sustainability in the Republic of Ireland -- PART FOUR - CONCLUSIONS -- 19 Conclusions and the future work of the commission

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1: Introduction -- PART ONE: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES -- 2: Towards typologies of socioeconomic marginality: North/South comparisons -- 3: The application of spatial theory to intensive agriculture in developing countries: Findings from the Jos study -- 4: The marginality and marginal regions in Slovenia -- 5: The emergence of capitalism and struggling against marginalization in the Russian North -- 6: Another way of perceiving Argentine marginality dynamics: Qualitative indicators -- PART TWO: CULTURAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC VIEWS -- 7: The importance of cultural links in a marginal area: Terra Alta (Catalonia, Spain) -- 8: Local government among marginalized ex-nomads: The Israeli Bedouin and the state -- 9: Land tenure in rural marginal Western Pampa in Argentina -- 10: Demographic factors in characterizing and delimiting marginal lands -- 11: Length of unemployment as an indicator of social exclusion in Finland: A GIS viewpoint -- 12: Living on the margins: The case for the elderly in Zimbabwe -- 13: 'Basics are now a luxury': Perceptions of ESAP's impact on rural and urban areas in Zimbabwe -- PART THREE: POLICIES FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- 14: Marginal regions and new methods for development in the EU: Comparing Garfagnana in Italy and Kuusamo - Koillismaa in Finland -- 15: Evaluating marginal development: Local views on modernization in an Indian and Swedish context -- 16: Remaining marginal areas in rural Catalonia: Causes an consequences -- 17: State support and rural dynamics -- 18: Regional development problems of the geographically marginal Binga district in the Zambezi valley of Zimbabwe -- 19: Challenges to the development of a polarized space: The case of Zimbabwe