Suchergebnisse

With the rapid developments in information technologies in recent years, the Internet has more place in our daily lives, and as a result, the Internet, used as a means of communication at first, has resulted in changes in the shopping preferences of today's consumers. Online shopping is one of the most drastic of these changes. It is believed that having more information about the reasons for consumer preferences on shopping online or avoiding online shopping and defining the processes related to online shopping conducted by businesses can contribute to the efficiency of online shopping. In the present study, an attitude scale toward online shopping is developed and this scale is tested for validity and reliability. There are various attitude scales toward online shopping in the related literature. The purpose of developing this scale is to define new attitudes of consumers toward online shopping that have adapted to changing conditions of the world and technology. With the opinions of 5 academics in the fields of marketing and business management, the number of items, which was 24 on the draft scale, was reduced to 20. For the pre-study, data were collected from 60 consumers and analyzed. A pilot study of the draft scale was conducted on 154 consumers. At the end of this study, a scale consisting of 2 dimensions and 14 items with high validity and reliability was developed. Obtained findings are presented in detail in the paper.

Bu çalışmada, işi biçimlendirmenin işe tutulma üzerindeki etkisi ve bu etkide kişi-iş uyumunun aracılık rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çeşitli bankalarda iş yaşamlarını sürdüren 370 kişiden anket tekniğiyle araştırma verisi toplanmıştır. Araştırma değişkenleri arasındaki doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkilerin incelenmesi için regresyon analizine dayalı olarak çalışan PROCESS 3.0 makrosu kullanılmıştır. Analiz bulguları, işi biçimlendirmenin işe tutulma üzerinde hem doğrudan hem de kişi-iş uyumu aracılığıyla dolaylı etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular yazın bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of leaders' Theory X and Y managerial assumptions on subordinates' attitudes and behaviors.Design/methodology/approach– Military leaders (n=50) completed a questionnaire with Theory X and Y scale and their subordinates (n=150) completed a questionnaire with the scales of satisfaction with leader, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. The paper used hierarchical linear modeling to test the hypotheses.Findings– The results indicated that the Theory Y management style is significantly and positively associated with subordinates' satisfaction with the leader, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Theory X management style had a significantly negative impact on subordinates' satisfaction with the leader, but no significant impact on affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. The findings of the present study suggest that the Theory X and Y managerial assumptions are a worthwhile basis from which to examine several important organizational and individual outcomes.Research limitations/implications– The sample consisted of military personnel and were predominantly male. This may limit the generalizability of the findings.Practical implications– The findings of the present study suggest that the Theory X and Y managerial assumptions are a worthwhile basis from which to examine several important organizational and individual outcomes.Originality/value– Although McGregor's (1960) Theory X and Y have contributed to management and leadership thinking and practice for many years; empirical studies examining the Theory X and Y managerial assumptions in a work environment are very scarce. By examining the effect of leader's Theory X and Y managerial assumptions on follower's attitudes and behaviors, the study provides important insights for leadership literature.