Suchergebnisse

The new zoonoses Directive 2003/99/EC gives the opportunity for an improvement in the harmonization of antimicrobial resistance testing of zoonotic agents. The current reporting system under Council Directive 92/117/EEC was a voluntary approach leading to a limited comparability of the data. In the directive 2003/99/EC, inforced since June 2004, antimicrobial susceptibility testing is part of the legislation. The benchmarks, the zoonotic agents Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp., the animal species cattle, pigs and poultry, as well as products thereof are fixed. In this paper details for a harmonized monitoring scheme are proposed. The draft specifies in more detail the animal species, the production lines and the locations of the sampling. The sampling frame should ensure a representative number of isolates to meet the objectives, these are detection of occurrence of resistance patterns, estimation of the prevalence of resistance to an antimicrobial substance, and assessment of changes in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Apart from isolates from monitoring schemes reflecting the healthy animal population, clinical isolates should be included to detect new emerging resistance genes. The comparability of the methods applied has to be ensured by an external quality assurance system. As the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance should be closely linked to the monitoring programs laid down in the directive 2003/99/EC to estimate the prevalence of zoonotic agents along the food chain. A stepwise implementation in accordance with the other monitoring programs is suggested. In order to support management decisions to limit the emergence and spread of resistance additional information has to be collected, i.e. resistance in animal pathogens, usage of antimicrobials, or the relevance of the import of animals or products of animal origin

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The pig sector represents one of the most economically important farming sectors in the European Union. Farmers and their veterinarians are responsible for ensuring animal health as well as sending healthy animals for slaughter. At slaughter, official veterinarians conduct meat inspections to ensure that only meat fit for human consumption enters the food processing chain. The data collected during meat inspections can provide valuable information about herd health for the farmers, the attending veterinarians and veterinary authorities. The aim of this study was to describe the data and analyse whether these data are suitable to be used as a feedback system for farmers to enable them to improve their herd management. Data used comprised all meat inspection findings in 2016 from 4.6 million pigs originating from 9172 agricultural holdings (farms) and slaughtered in 66 slaughterhouses in Austria. Analysis showed that diseases of the lung (pneumonia, 21.9%) and of the liver (milk spots, 19.9%) were most frequently detected. The agricultural holdings, the slaughterhouses and the time periods (quarter) had an influence on the observed occurrence and composition of the prevalence of post-mortem findings. Furthermore, within the slaughterhouses, the recorded patterns of pathological findings differed, which points towards the need for further harmonisation to provide high-quality feedback to farmers and veterinarians. ABSTRACT: Meat inspection data can provide valuable information about herd health to producers, veterinarians and veterinary authorities and can be used as a feedback system for farmers to improve their herd management. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of agricultural holdings, slaughterhouses and time periods (quarters) on the occurrence and composition of the prevalence of post-mortem findings of 4 million pigs slaughtered in Austria in 2016, by applying a permutation multivariate analysis of variance. Pneumonia (21.9%) and milk spots (19.9%) were the most frequently ...

AbstractDirect contact between humans and live broilers, as well as the consumption of chicken meat, have been suggested as pathways for transmission of extended‐spectrum‐β‐lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC‐β‐lactamase (AmpC)‐producing Escherichia coli. One approach to design intervention strategies to control the transmission of such bacteria between animals and humans is to study the transmission pathways of such bacteria between the animals themselves. The rationale is that controlling the process of the underlying source, here transmission between animals, can provide hints on how to control a higher‐level process, here the transmission between animals and humans. The focus of this article is the transmission of the above‐mentioned bacteria between broilers and broiler flocks in meat production with regards to the establishment of possible intervention strategies to reduce the transfer of these bacteria between animals. The objective of this work is to design a mathematical transmission model describing the effects of vertical and horizontal bacterial transmission in the broiler production chain, from the parent generation to the slaughterhouse level. To achieve this objective, an existing transmission model for Campylobacter was adapted for the case of E. coli. The model keeps track of prevalence among flocks (flock prevalence) and of prevalence among animals within one flock (animal prevalence). Flock and animal prevalences show different dynamics in the model. While flock prevalence increases mainly through horizontal transmission in hatcheries, animal prevalence increases mainly at the broiler‐fattening farm. Transports have rather small effects just as the vertical transmission from parents to chicks.

The Directive 2003/99/EG of the European Parliament and of the Council on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents demands a quality management (QM) system for the execution of its monitoring programmes. Consequently the National Salmonella Reference Laboratory of Germany performed two ring-trials in 2005 and 2006 on the microbiological detection of Salmonella from poultry feces among all participating laboratories in the Federal States. Salmonella detection was performed according to the EN ISO 6579:2002 standard method which was modified according to the recommendations of the Community Reference Laboratory for Salmonella in Bilthoven, The Netherlands. This method uses modified-semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis Agar as the only selective enrichment. In 2005 twenty-four and in 2006 twenty-two laboratories participated.They received eight identical samples of the contamination levels L0 (no Salmonella), L1 (11 and 16 cfu per 10 g faeces respectively) and L2 (292 and 418 cfu per 10 g faeces respectively). For both years the data of 20 laboratories could statistically be evaluated. The relative accuracy of the respected results increased from 88.8% in 2005 to 98% in 2006. This is as well reflected in the improved COR- and Kappa-Indices. Taken all together the data show, that the modified-semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis protocol is a sensitive, established method for the detection of Salmonella from poultry faeces

Die globalisierte Welt, so dachten wir, würde nur Gewinner produzieren. Doch sie hat Menschen auch das Gefühl des Verlustes beschert. Der Verlust der Sicherheit des Arbeitsplatzes und der Gewissheit, dass es den Kindern besser gehen wird als uns, ist die eine Seite der Medaille. Goodhart zeigt, dass es vor allem der Verlust von Identität ist, der Menschen aufbegehren lässt. Nach und nach untersucht David Goodhart die Herzstücke unserer Gesellschaft. Er geht kritisch ins Gericht mit den Folgen der veränderten Welt für die Familien und stellt die Frage, wie sich die Rolle der Frau im Spannungsfeld zwischen Karriere und Familie entwickelt hat. Er untersucht, wie sich Bildung und Ausbildung in den letzten Jahrzehnten veränderten und begründet schlüssig, warum die Überbetonung der wissensbasierten Ökonomie bereits unter Vorschulkindern die zukünftigen Gewinner von Verlierern trennt. Er stellt die Frage, warum das Ansehen und die Entlohnung akademischer Berufe soviel höher sind als für jene Menschen, die nicht nur in der Corona-Krise dafür sorgten, dass Supermarktregale gefüllt und Schwerkranke ohne Rücksicht auf die eigene Gesundheit gepflegt wurden. David Goodhart konfrontiert uns mit den unbequemen Fragen unserer modernen Gesellschaft IBM und sie betreffen jeden von uns. THE ROAD TO SOMEWHERE wird so zu einem unüberhörbaren Appell, warum wir nach Corona das letzte Jahrzehnt kritisch überdenken und über eine neue Gesellschaft nachdenken sollten. (Verlagstext)

SUMMARY Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (EEC) are a significant public health concern. Although previous studies have calculated the exposure through meat consumption, the risk from seafood has not been quantified. A Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) model for meat was adapted to incorporate the complexities along the seafood chain. Total exposure of the Dutch population (EEC / year) was highest for raw salmon (48.1%) and smoked eel (43.9%). The top five seafood products (raw salmon, smoked eel, caviar / cod roe, smoked salmon and anchovies) all had a higher annual exposure estimate then any meat product. The high exposure by raw salmon is due partly to the current EU legislation which permits farmed salmon to be sold without prior freezing. With current antimicrobial usage remaining high in aquaculture industries, the results question whether the current legislation is adequate to mitigate against emerging microbiological hazards such as antimicrobial resistance.