Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate how working conditions, intention to leave and self-rated health among Swedish social workers in child welfare have developed over the course of fifteen years. In 2003 (n = 309), 2014 (n = 313) and 2018 (n = 305), the same questionnaire was distributed to social workers who were working with the same tasks in the same geographical areas. The results show that the social workers in 2018 overall rate their working conditions as better than they did in 2014, and in most respects also better than in 2003. The most salient improvements are that work demands in 2018 are described as significantly lower than in earlier years, and organisational climate, group work and support from their superior and co-workers are seen more positively. Despite these positive developments, the changes in how the social workers rate their health and to what extent they intend to leave the workplace were minor. Also, how the social workers rated positive challenges in work and the extent to which they perceived their work as meaningful or felt that their skills and knowledge often were useful in their work had deteriorated. Possible factors as the influence of New Public Management and increased use of manuals and forms are discussed.

There is limited knowledge about older people's length of stay (time untildeath) in institutional care and how it has changed over time. The aim ofthis study was to analyse changes in the length of stay for older peoplein institutional care between 2006 and 2012. All persons 65+ living inKungsholmen (an urban area of Stockholm), who moved to an institutionbetween 2006 and 2012, were included (N = 1103). The data source wasthe care system part of a longitudinal database, the Swedish NationalStudy on Aging and Care. The average length of stay was analysed usingLaplace regression for the 10th to the 50th percentile for the years 2006–2012. The regressions showed that in 2006, it took an average of 764 daysbefore 50% of those who had moved into institutional care had died. Thecorresponding figure for 2012 was 595 days, which amounts to a 22.1%decrease over the period studied (P = 0.078). For the lower percentiles,the decrease was even more rapid, for example for the 30th percentile,the length of stay reduced from 335 days in 2006 to 119 days in 2012, adecrease of 64.3% (P < 0.001). The most rapid increase was found in theproportion that moved to an institution and died within a short timeperiod. In 2006, the first 10% had on average died after 85 days, in 2012after only 8 days; a decrease in the length of stay of 90.5% (P = 0.002). Ingeneral, there was a significant decrease in the length of stay ininstitutional care between 2006 and 2012. The most dramatic change overthe period studied was an increase in the proportion of people whomoved into an institution and died shortly afterwards.

This study examined long-term socio-economic patterns among women aged 18–64 who suffered violence leading to inpatient care. Using data from Swedish national registers for 1992–2005, 6,085 such cases were compared to a random population sample of 55,016 women. Women exposed to violence had less paid work, lower income and a higher risk of claiming means-tested income support. Exposure to violence resulted in long-term negative economic consequences for women with all levels of education. Violence against women is thus related to low income and social exclusion – both as a cause and consequence.

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate how child welfare social workers assessed the leadership of their first-line managers over a period of fifteen years and to examine whether the assessments have changed over time. More specifically, the analysis focused on the extent to which social workers perceive the leadership of their first-line managers to be empowering, supportive and fair. Data were collected in the years 2003 (n = 293), 2014 (n = 300) and 2018 (n = 309) using the same questionnaire, mainly based on QPS Nordic, which was distributed to social workers working with investigations of children and youth. The results show that the social workers assessed all measured aspects of their first-line managers' leadership as better in 2014 compared to 2003 and significantly better in 2018 compared to 2003. In light of previous studies showing that child welfare managers experience less optimal conditions for their leadership, the results are surprising. How is it possible that the first-line managers, despite their own descriptions of a more difficult leadership situation, are seen as more supportive, empowering and fair in their leadership from the social workers' perspective? Possible explanations for the social workers' better assessments over the years, such as specialisation, are discussed.

BACKGROUND: the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) has shifted the burden of management towards primary care (PC). Our aim is to compare diagnostic process and management of AD in PC and specialist care (SC). DESIGN: cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: a total of, 9,625 patients diagnosed with AD registered 2011-14 in SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry. METHODS: descriptive statistics are shown. Odds ratios are presented for test performance and treatment in PC compared to SC, adjusted for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and number of medication. RESULTS: a total of, 5,734 (60%) AD patients from SC and 3,891 (40%) from PC. In both, 64% of patients were women. PC patients were older (mean age 81 vs. 76; P < 0.001), had lower MMSE (median 21 vs. 22; P < 0.001) and more likely to receive home care (31% vs. 20%; P < 0.001) or day care (5% vs. 3%; P < 0.001). Fewer diagnostic tests were performed in PC and diagnostic time was shorter. Basic testing was less likely to be complete in PC. The greatest differences were found for neuroimaging (82% in PC vs. 98% in SC) and clock tests (84% vs. 93%). These differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for MMSE and demographic characteristics. PC patients received less antipsychotic medication and more anxiolytics and hypnotics, but there were no significant differences in use of cholinesterase inhibitors between PC and SC. CONCLUSION: primary and specialist AD patients differ in background characteristics, and this can influence diagnostic work-up and treatment. PC excels in restriction of antipsychotic use. Use of head CT and clock test in PC are areas for improvement in Sweden.