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In many panel surveys that rely on face-to-face interviewing, interviewers are repeatedly allocated to the same respondents in each wave. Researchers and fieldwork agencies argue that interviewer continuity can contribute to the quality of the data collected, for instance, by reducing panel attrition. However, there is almost no empirical evidence focusing on the effects of growing familiarity between interviewers and respondents on responses and measurement error in repeated interviews. This paper focuses on questions containing socially (un)desirable answer options. It is argued that interviewer continuity promotes the development of trust, emotional closeness, and loyalty, as well as interview rapport between respondents and interviewers, and that this, in turn, increases the respondents' motivation to answer truthfully rather than in a socially desirable way. Drawing on data derived from 31 waves of an ongoing household panel study in Germany, the results show a consistent effect of interviewer continuity on response behavior: Respondents who are more familiar with their interviewers are less likely to choose answer options associated with socially desirable connotations. This study provides evidence for a rare advantageous panel conditioning effect on data quality in longitudinal studies and points to the importance of taking into account the familiarity between respondents and interviewers when investigating conditioning effects on measurement error in longitudinal studies.

In many countries and contexts, survey researchers are facing decreasing response rates and
increasing survey costs. Data collection is even more complex and expensive when rare or hard-toreach
populations are to be sampled and surveyed. In such cases alternative sampling and
recruiting approaches are usually needed, including non-probability and online convenience
sampling. A rather novel approach to recruiting rare populations for online and mobile-device
surveys uses advertisements on social media networks. This paper provides a step-by-step guide
on how to recruit web-survey participants via ads on Facebook and Instagram – two of the largest
social networks worldwide. Researchers may use this paper as a starting point for setting up their
own recruiting campaigns. Moreover, the paper describes the results of fieldwork for a research
project in which lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, and queer (LGBTQ) web-survey participants in
Germany were recruited via ads on social media.

Over the course of 2013 to 2016, over one million asylum seekers arrived in Germany, around 890,000 of them in 2015 alone. The growing refugee population posed a major challenge for Germany's policy makers, civic administrators, and society at large, in finding new approaches to registration procedures, housing, and social and economic integration. To design policies and programs that meet these needs, government administrators, politicians, and the public require robust analyses of the accompanying social and demographic changes based on timely, valid, and reliable empirical data. Yet despite the urgent need for quantitative data on this target group, survey organizations and data collection agencies had little experience gaining access to the target population and approaching and surveying them effectively. In late 2015, when the influx reached its peak, the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the Migration, Integration and Asylum Research Center at the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF-FZ), and the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) joined together in a cooperative longitudinal project to survey a nationwide random sample of refugee households in Germany: the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. In this paper, we summarize the sampling and fieldwork design as well as the challenges faced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. We discuss the sequential strategy applied for sampling recent refugees and asylum seekers who arrived in Germany, particularly in 2015, in such large numbers that proper registration was delayed, and in many cases their initial accommodations were only temporary. Moreover, the paper discusses alternative survey instruments introduced for the difficult-to-interview population of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, including translated questionnaires and audio files.

Research comparing heterosexuals with bisexuals and homosexuals in economics and the social sciences typically relies on two strategies to identify sexual orientation in existing survey data of general populations. Probing respondents to self-report their sexual orientation is generally considered the preferred option. Since self-reports are unavailable in most large multidisciplinary surveys, often researchers infer sexual orientation from the gender-constellation of a respondent's partnership instead. Based on German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data, this article reviews both strategies empirically in the context of a household panel survey. The analysis shows that self-reported and partnership-inferred sexual orientation are not mutual substitutes, instead leading to substantively different conclusions about differences between heterosexuals and LGBs (Lesbian, Gays, and Bisexuals). The article discusses problems of non-coverage in partnership-inferred sexual orientation and also investigates measurement error in self-reported sexual orientation, finding notable mode and interviewer effects.

Over the course of 2013 to 2016, over one million asylum seekers arrived in Germany, around
890,000 of them in 2015 alone. The growing refugee population posed a major challenge for
Germany's policy makers, civic administrators, and society at large, in finding new approaches to
registration procedures, housing, and social and economic integration. To design policies and
programs that meet these needs, government administrators, politicians, and the public require
robust analyses of the accompanying social and demographic changes based on timely, valid, and
reliable empirical data. Yet despite the urgent need for quantitative data on this target group, survey
organizations and data collection agencies had little experience gaining access to the target
population and approaching and surveying them effectively.
In late 2015, when the influx reached its peak, the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), the
Migration, Integration and Asylum Research Center at the Federal Office for Migration and
Refugees (BAMF-FZ), and the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) joined together in a cooperative
longitudinal project to survey a nationwide random sample of refugee households in Germany: the
IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. In this paper, we summarize the sampling and fieldwork
design as well as the challenges faced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. We discuss
the sequential strategy applied for sampling recent refugees and asylum seekers who arrived in
Germany, particularly in 2015, in such large numbers that proper registration was delayed, and in
many cases their initial accommodations were only temporary. Moreover, the paper discusses
alternative survey instruments introduced for the difficult-to-interview population of the IAB-BAMFSOEP
Survey of Refugees, including translated questionnaires and audio files.

SOEP-CoV - "The Spread of the Coronavirus in Germany: Socio-Economic Factors and Consequences" is a joint research project of SOEP at DIW Berlin and Bielefeld University. The project was launched in April 2020 immediately after the outbreak of the virus in Germany and aimed to establish a survey database for research about the short- and long-term societal impacts of the virus in Germany. In this documentation, we provide an overview of the study design and survey methods and offer details about the SOEP-CoV data, which are openly available for scientific research.

Towards the very end of this legislative period, a cross-caucus parliamentary majority gave same-sex marriage the green light - progress for the legal equality of homosexuals in Germany. This report focuses on the life situations of homosexual and bisexual people in Germany. The careers they pursue, for example, differ from those of heterosexuals. Hourly wages are an area of significant disparity: homosexual and bisexual men earn less per hour than heterosexual men with the same qualifications in comparable professions. While differences in personality structure are virtually nonexistent, homosexuals and bisexuals describe themselves as less satisfied with their lives and under more psychological stress. An analysis based on the data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) at the German Institute for Economic Research yielded these and other results. The SOEP is one of the few representative population surveys in Germany that collects information on the sexual orientation of participants. Expanding the scope of regular social reporting to include data on sexual orientation would make it possible to better document differences in life situations and to more effectively identify where action is needed - such as in fighting discrimination.

Mit der Öffnung der Ehe für alle, die zum Ende der derzeitigen Legislaturperiode eine fraktionsübergreifende parlamentarische Mehrheit fand, schreitet die rechtliche Gleichstellung Homosexueller in Deutschland voran. Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit den Lebenslagen homo- und bisexueller Menschen in Deutschland, die sich zum Beispiel hinsichtlich ausgeübter Berufe von Heterosexuellen unterscheiden. Ein wesentlicher Unterschied besteht auch beim Stundenlohn, der bei homo- und bisexuellen Männern niedriger liegt als bei gleichqualifizierten heterosexuellen Männern in vergleichbaren Berufen. Während kaum Differenzen in Persönlichkeitsstrukturen zu finden sind, scheinen Homo- und Bisexuelle nach eigenen Angaben weniger zufrieden mit ihrem Leben und stärker psychisch belastet. Diese und andere Ergebnisse zeigt eine Analyse auf Basis der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am DIW Berlin. Das SOEP ist eine der wenigen bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Befragungen in Deutschland, in der Angaben zur sexuellen Orientierung der StudienteilnehmerInnen erhoben werden. Wünschenswert wäre eine systematische Erweiterung der Sozialberichterstattung um diese Dimension. Differenzen in Lebenslagen könnten so besser dokumentiert und gegebenenfalls Handlungsbedarf - zum Beispiel bei der Bekämpfung von Diskriminierung - besser identifiziert werden.

This report details the design of the boost Sample Q to the SocioEconomic Panel (SOEP) in 2019. Sample Q supplemented the SOEP Core sample by queer households, including gender and sexual minorities such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans* respondents (LGBTQ*). Recruitment of these households was performed by a random telephone screening of adults living in Germany. Sample Q comprises of 477 newly recruited LGBTQ*queer households and this boost sample thus augments the 405 already existing queer households in the SOEP to a total of 882 households with 1,237 respondents identifying as sexual and gender minority.

Die kollektive Erfahrung der Corona-Krise und der damit verbundenen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie haben das gesamte gesellschaftliche Zusammenleben in Deutschland verändert. Diese Veränderungen prägen die Sicht der Menschen auf staatliche Institutionen, aber auch ihr Erleben von zwischenmenschlichem Zusammenhalt. Wie aktuelle Ergebnisse der SOEP-CoV- Studie nun zeigen, ist eine deutliche Mehrheit der Menschen hierzulande zufrieden mit dem staatlichen Krisenmanagement zur Eindämmung der Pandemie. Auch wenn die zahlreichen Proteste anderes vermuten lassen: Die Zufriedenheit der BürgerInnen mit der Demokratie und auch das Vertrauen der Menschen untereinander nimmt in der Corona-Krise zu. Damit diese positiven Trends anhalten, sollten die Lasten der Krise möglichst gerecht verteilt und Bevölkerungsgruppen, die existentielle Sorgen haben, nachhaltig unterstützt werden.

Die Corona-Pandemie und die politischen Entscheidungen zu ihrer Eindämmung verändern derzeit die Situation vieler Erwerbstätiger in Deutschland. Auf Grundlage einer ersten Tranche einer Zusatzbefragung (SOEP-Cov) von Haushalten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP), werden hier die Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise auf die Erwerbstätigen des Jahres 2019 analysiert. Die Betroffenheit wird anhand von drei Dimensionen - dem Bildungsniveau, dem Bruttoerwerbseinkommen 2019 und dem bedarfsgewichteten Haushaltsnettoeinkommen 2019 - untersucht. Zentrale Ergebnisse sind, dass sich knapp unter 20 Prozent der Erwerbstätigen in Kurzarbeit befinden und ein gutes Drittel teilweise oder vollständig im Homeoffice. Dabei ist die berichtete Arbeitszeit im Vergleich zum Vorjahr im Schnitt um vier Stunden gesunken. Die Betroffenheit der Erwerbstätigen unterscheidet sich dabei entlang der drei Dimensionen. Vor allem Erwerbstätige mit höheren Einkommen und höherer Bildung nutzen die Möglichkeit, im Homeoffice zu arbeiten, während Erwerbstätige mit geringerer Bildung überdurchschnittlich häufig in Kurzarbeit gehen. Sorgen um die eigene wirtschaftliche Situation machen sich die meisten Erwerbstätigen zwar nicht, wohl aber um die allgemeine wirtschaftliche Entwicklung im Frühjahr 2020.

Die Corona-Pandemie und die politischen Entscheidungen zu ihrer Eindämmung verändernderzeit die Situation vieler Erwerbstätiger in Deutschland. Viele abhängig Beschäftigte arbeiten im Homeoffice, befinden sich in Kurzarbeit, fürchten um ihren Job oder haben diesen bereits verloren. Selbständige verzeichnen Umsatz-und Gewinneinbußen und sehen sich in ihrer wirtschaftlichen Existenz bedroht. Erwerbstätige mit Kindern oder pflegebedürftigen Angehörigen sind besonders belastet, da Betreuungs-und Pflegedienste weggebrochen sind. Damit ist offensichtlich: Vor dem Virus sind nicht alle gleich. Und mit den ungleichen ökonomischen und alltäglichen Lebenssituationen entstehen und wachsenauch die Sorgen in unterschiedlicher Weise. Schon jetzt zeichnet sich ab, dass einzelne Bevölkerungsgruppen die Krise leichter bewältigen werden als andere.