This introductory textbook examines the role of the Third World in the international system. It challenges the virtual exclusion of the Third World and the processes of development from the study of international politics. Some of the most significant issues facing the Third World are explored. Hardcover: ISBN 0745614949, $105.00.
In 1690 the University of Glasgow ordered gown for two of its officers, the invoice for which is in the University's archives. This article relies on the document to examine the designs of the gowns in details, to see how they influenced academic dress at the University to the present day, and to understand the political statement they made at the time, when newly appointed officers were seeking to exercise their authority in the context of a changed national political scene.
A review essay on books by (1) Ankie Hoogvelt, Globalisation and the Post Colonial World: The New Political Economy of Development (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997); (2) Philip McMichael, Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge, 1996); & (3) John Rapley, Understanding Development: Theory and Practice in the Third World (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997). These texts examine the connection between development & international relations in the contemporary UK, with Rapley offering an introduction to development theory & emphasizing the state's role in development, McMichael investigating how development engenders social transformation & international inequality, & Hoogvelt exploring how changes in international politics impact various peoples & regions. Although their accounts of the shortcomings of development theory are not original, their examinations of the inextricable connection between the international & the national are welcomed. The texts are praised for problematizing the application of development theory, which is dominated by Western thought, on a global basis. Arguing that Third World nations are principally perceived as disrupting world order, it is contended that international relations must incorporate more development-focused issues into the discipline (eg, the impact of global capitalism on development in Third World nations). 4 References. J. W. Parker
An important area in which the Single European Act (SEA) has failed to agree a common policy is in its approach towards the developing countries. This paper examines the changing nature of the relationship between the European Community (EC) and its developing country partners, in particular the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states, as the EC moves toward a more integrated community. It argues that as the EC attempts to incorporate the former Eastern bloc into free market liberalism with new policies of association, ACP interests are in danger of becoming marginalised.
It is increasingly recognised that EU development cooperation policy has failed to meet its stated aims. In this book Arts and Dickson ask the obvious and important question: if the policy doesn't work, why bother with it? The authors assess why EU development policy has become largely ineffective, citing among the external causal factors the liberalisation of trade, and the growing influence of US and international actors such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund upon EU policy. It also considers contributing factors within the EU such as the enlargement of its membership and the resulting shifts in priorities. It is this analysis of internal and external factors affecting the decline of EU development policy that makes this study both innovative and unique. It brings together an impressive range of contributors from different disciplines resulting in a thorough and intelligent assessment of the debate. This study will appeal to advanced level undergraduates and academics of European politics in general, EU integration, development studies, and International Relations.
This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. It is increasingly recognised that EU development cooperation policy has failed to meet its stated aims. In this book, Arts and Dickson ask the obvious and important question: if the policy doesn't work, why bother with it?The authors assess why EU development policy has become largely ineffective, citing among the external causal factors the liberalisation of trade, and the growing influence of US and international actors such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund upon EU policy. It also considers contributing factors within the EU such as the enlargement of its membership and the resulting shifts in priorities.It is this analysis of internal and external factors affecting the decline of EU development policy that makes this study both innovative and unique. It brings together an impressive range of contributors from different disciplines resulting in a thorough and intelligent assessment of the debate.This study will appeal to advanced level undergraduates and academics of European politics in general, EU integration, development studies, and International Relations
Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.