Suchergebnisse

The author analyzes the norms of national legislation, namely the Law of Ukraine "About Tourism", the Civil Code, the Commercial Code as well as the international experience of France, Malaysia, Turkey, Spain and other countries. The author defines the main directions of tourist activity and subjects which provide tourist services. The subjects, which provide tourist services, are travel operators and travel agents. The author analyzes the difference between travel operators and travels agents. Furthermore, the author explored procedure for granting licenses as a kind of state regulations of economic activity. New requirements for obtaining a tourist license were investigated. Particular attention is paid to financial guarantees. This guarantee depends on different factors (office location, tourists' destination). Also, legislation declares additional responsibilities to tour operates and tour agents. The author analyzed national system of state and local self-government bodies and special bodies (agency), and international system of government and no government bodies. The author points out the importance of interaction between public authorities and the private sector. Moreover, the article pays attention to the importance of public control over tourism activities. Finally, the author proclaims indication of directions for improvement of national legislation.

The authors of this scientific article consider and analyze the concepts of "human dignity" and "dignity human". Sources of international law, bilateral and multilateral international treaties guaranteeing the provision of this right were studied in detail, such as: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. It is noted that there is no legal definition of "human dignity" in national law and international law. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the right to human dignity in the interpretation of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights to ensure the right not to be subjected to torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The elements and features of this right are revealed. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring and exercising this right in penitentiaries and remand centers. Since the states have an "old impersonal system" that needs to be renewed and reformed. This problem is especially relevant for Ukraine, which, although according to the Constitution, is a legal, social, democratic state, whose activities are aimed at ensuring the realization of human and civil rights. However, it does not sufficiently ensure the right guaranteed by Article 3. This is evidenced by the negative statistics of Ukrainians' appeals to the European Court of Human Rights for protection and renewal of their rights. The article considered key cases that are important for Ukraine, which has undertaken to comply with the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. The results of the work correspond to the goal of scientific research and are a comprehensive completed research material.

The article considers and analyzes in detail the sources of the European Union aimed at ensuring equal and fair treatment of women and men. Such as Convention on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Right, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Social Charter. The authors determined that currently in the European Union there is no single approach to the definition of "discrimination", due to the lack of a basic unified source of law, this issue is regulated by both the EU's own acts and well-known international acts. Also, due to the increasing popularity of feminist movements, men experience violations and restrictions in their social and economic rights. Therefore, a study of the decisions of the most influential judicial bodies of the European Union was conducted to establish a common understanding of the concept of "gender discrimination". Ukraine has ratified these international conventions on human rights protection and recognizes their decisions as part of the national legislation of Ukraine.Ukraine has ratified the Convention and its Protocols, as the first part of the Law of Ukraine "On Ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, First Protocol and Protocols № 2, 4, 7 and 11 to the Convention" explicitly states that Ukraine fully recognizes "The effect in its territory of Article 46 of the Convention on the recognition and binding without special agreement of the jurisdiction of the Court of Human Rights in all matters concerning the interpretation and application of the Convention. "There is an obligation not only to enforce judgments of the European Court against the country, but also to apply the Convention and the case law of the European Court of Justice as a source of law. Therefore, the consideration of the cases mentioned in the article is important for the judiciary and the protection of human ...