Suchergebnisse

Supporterd by strategies that often have only a distant connection with knowledge, the notion of spatiality of societies is getting more and more impact. Space appears as a social product that will be set on maps and organized in regions. It assumes a new dimension with the crisis and flexibility. It is finally the occasion of conflicts between social groups organized territorialy, to control it.

Concentration d'étrangers et politique urbaine à Bruxelles.
Christian KESTELOOT
Dans une première partie, l'article considère la répartition des étrangers par nationalité dans l'agglomération bruxelloise et son évolution entre 1970 et 1981. Les indices de dissimilarité entre les nationalités et leur indice de ségrégation sont également analysés pour les deux années. Malgré l'augmentation de leur nombre, la concentration des nationalités de travailleurs immigrés ne s'est pas renforcée durant cette période.
La seconde partie analyse brièvement les explications ethniques et socio-économiques de la localisation résidentielle des étrangers et indique que les faits socio-économiques sont décisifs dans le cas bruxellois.
La dernière partie traite de la politique urbaine face à la concentration des étrangers dans la ville centrale. L'accent est mis sur la loi Gol de 1984, qui permet à certaines communes de refuser l'inscription de nouveaux immigrés. L'inefficacité de la loi n'empêche pas qu'elle ait un rôle idéologique. Elle soutient l'idée d'une concentration d'étrangers devenue dangereuse dans les communes centrales de la ville. Cela se traduit par un discours en terme de seuil de tolérance, dont le rôle est de faire des immigrés les boucs émissaires des problèmes urbains, de les maintenir dans une position marginale sur le marché du travail et du logement et de justifier une politique de remplacement de la population dans les communes centrales.
Une politique positive face aux problèmes des étrangers devrait renforcer leur rapport de forces dans la société belge et réaliser les infrastructures collectives qui répondent à leurs besoins dans la ville centrale.

This paper addresses the increasing socio-spatial inequalities in European cities and their impact on the possibilities for fostering social cohesion. Many policy programmes tackle spatial unevenness in order to build more cohesive communities. These policies have some impact, but their effect on reducing inequalities at city level is limited. Therefore, an important question is how the overall socio-spatial organisation of European cities affects social cohesion and the capacity to form an urban community able to decide on a common future. First, the complex relation between present-day societal and spatial dynamics is discussed, asserting that it produces segregation. The second part reflects on how segregation is regarded in terms of social cohesion. Many authors stress the social innovative capacities within segregated areas. However, European cities display different socio-spatial structures. How these structures influence negotiation processes between different social groups is poorly treated. The last part of the paper addresses this issue.

In this paper, the settlement patterns of Turks and Moroccans in Brussels will be compared with the patterns of the same groups in Amsterdam. It will be argued that housing market variables explain a lot of the differences between the two cities. The large number of (affordable) social dwellings in Amsterdam forms a significant contrast with the virtual lack of these dwellings in the Brussels area. Historical variables account for these different kinds of housing stock. Cultural variables, differences between and within the categories of Turks and Moroccans, can be seen as an additional explanatory factor for the segregation and concentration patterns of Turks and Moroccans in both cities.

Urbanisation in China and its rapid increase in recent decades as a result of industrialisation and globalisation are often conceived as a simplified process. Moreover, the speed of the present day process yields the impression that the traces of previous forms of urbanisation are erased for good. Both of these assumptions are challenged in this paper. The built environment resulting from this urbanisation process is to be conceived as a series of layers that reflect different modes of productions and related logics of production of space. Hence, we try to comprehend the spatial arrangement of the city, which can be thought of as a geological metaphor. The social groups that have to be sheltered in urban residential space also radically change in each of these periods. We proceed to analyse these layers and how they combine and interact over time with the concept of socio-spatial configuration, which denotes a precise type of residential environment related to a specific social group in the city. Chinese cities are made up of five types of urbanisation, reflected in five layers and their related socio-spatial configurations: the traditional, proto-globalisation, socialist, market-led and globalisation layers.