Suchergebnisse

Alcohol consumption affects the risks of approximately 230 three-digit disease and injury codes in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th Revision. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals comprise 17 challenging goals with 169 targets, which the 193 Member States aim to achieve by 2030. Action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol, especially addressing global health inequalities, will contribute to achieving many of the health-related goals and targets. Alcohol care teams, mainly developed in acute UK hospitals, reduce acute hospital admissions, readmissions and mortality, improve the quality and efficiency of alcohol care, and have 11 key evidence-based, cost-effective and aspirational components. A clinician-led, multidisciplinary team, with integrated alcohol treatment pathways across primary, secondary and community care, coordinated alcohol policies for emergency departments and acute medical units, a 7-day alcohol specialist nurse service, addiction and liaison psychiatry services, an alcohol assertive outreach team, and consultant hepatologists and gastroenterologists with liver disease expertise facilitate collaborative, multidisciplinary, person-centred care. Quality metrics, national indicators, audit, workforce planning, training and accreditation support research and education of the public and healthcare professionals. Hospitals should collaborate with local authorities, public health, clinical commissioning groups, patients and key stakeholders to develop and disseminate cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies. Globally, alcohol care teams can support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and should be advocated and implemented through the WHO global alcohol strategy. This requires collaborative care planning by key stakeholders, a skilled workforce, targeted financial resources and dedicated political commitment.

2 traditional methods of evangelization dating from the 16th cent are noted: (1) The adaptation of Christianity to non-European cultural concepts, (2) the assimilationist endeavor to Europeanize other societies. By the 19th cent, the 1st of these, applied in Asia, was discredited as theologically dangerous; the 2nd, as attempted in South America, seemed safer & more practical. The Holy Ghost Fathers, given their modern missionary impetus by a Jew, & recruiting their members mainly in bicultural Alsace, should have shown tolerance, sympathy & an appreciation of the importance of adaptation when they began work in East Africa. Books & articles, both popular & scholarly, written for the public, & private letters & journal entries show that this was not the case. Over the 50 yrs before 1914 increasing missionary knowledge of African religious beliefs modified early unfavorable opinions, but commonly held European prejudices & misconceptions continued to influence their general picture of African life, leading to assimilationist efforts & subsequent criticisms by Africans of cultural imperialism. AA.