Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- Purpose and Scope of the Volume -- Organisation of the Volume -- The Setting of Rural Enterprises -- 2. Public Policy Overview of Agribusiness and Rural Enterprise Projects -- Fundamental Concepts -- The Role of Small- and Medium-Sized Rural Enterprises in a Developing Economy -- Selective Support for the Development of SMREs -- Problems Common to SMREs -- The Policy Framework -- Notes -- 3. Desingning Rural Enterprise Projects to Benefit the Poor -- Rural Economies and Planned Change -- Focusing Interventions on Employment Creation -- Focusing Project Activities on Enterprises Owned and Operated by the Rural Poor -- Focusing Projects to Enhance the Benefits of Backward Linkages to Small Farms -- Specific Types of Interventions -- Appropriate Technology -- Notes -- 4. Developing a Profile of an Agribusiness and Rural Enterprise System -- Sectoral Subgroupings -- Topics for the Sector Profile -- Data for an Agribusiness and Rural Enterprise Sector Profile -- Analytical Methods for an Agroindustrial and Rural Enterprise Profile -- Notes -- 5. Preliminary Analysis and Project Identification -- Tabular Presentation of Constraints by Subsector -- Selecting a Target Group -- Detailed Profiles of Families in the Target Group -- Detailed Profiles of Target Group Enterprises -- Notes -- 6. Examining Project Potential and Feasibility -- Accounting Methods for Analysis of Project Potential -- Estimating the Potential For Beneficial Impacts on Target Group Families -- A Checklist for Assessing Project Feasibility -- Institutional Capacity -- Financial Feasibility -- Estimating the Demand for the Proposed Intervention -- Analysis of Comparative Costs.

SUMMARY Built‐in project evaluation units can do much to improve the design and implementation of rural development projects if types of information required are unambiguously specified by aid agencies, governments and project managements and if adequate resources are provided in support of evaluation efforts. Experience suggests that the evaluation role has not in the past been carefully examined and that the true costs have been underestimated. Possible roles for evaluation units are spelled out in relation to projects operational structure, and two types of monitoring capability—one for conventional and one for innovative projects—are identified and discussed.RESUME Comment améliorer l'Efficacité de l'Evaluation dans les Projets de Développement RuralDes unités d'évaluation intégrées au Projet lui‐même peuvent améliorer de façon substantielle le plan et l'exécution des projets de développement rural si toutefois les informations recueillies sont précisées sans aucune ambiguité par les bureaux d'aide, les gouvernements et les directions de projet et si on pourvoit à des ressources adéquates capables de supporter les efforts apportés à cette évaluation. L'expérience semble suggérer que, par le passé, son rôle n'a pas été examiné à sa juste mesure, et que les coûts réels ont été sousestimés. Le rôle possible de ces unités d'évaluation est explicité en relation avec la structure opérationnelle des projets, et on identifie et discute deux systèmes possibles de contrôle—l'un pour les projets conventionnels et l'autre pour ceux qui innovent.RESUMEN Mejorando la Efectividad de la Evaluación en Proyectos de Desarrollo RuralLa inclusión de unidades de evaluación en proyectos de desarrollo rural puede hacer mucho por mejorar el diseño y la ejecución de los mismos si los organismos de ayuda, los gobiernos y la dirección de los proyectos especifican de manera inequívoca los tipos de información que se requieren, y si se proveen recursos adecuados para apoyar los esfuerzos de evaluación. La experiencia indica que el papel de la evaluación no ha sido examinado con cuidado en el pasado y que los verdaderos costos han sido subestimados. El artículo especifica las funciones posibles de las unidades de evaluación en relación con la estructura operativa de los proyectos, e identifica y discute dos tipos de capacidad de observación, una para proyectos 'convencionales' y otra para proyectos innovadores.

The article critically reviews research and development activities intended to generate mechanical innovations for small farms in Africa, analyses the problem of effective dissemination of the equipment innovations developed in research and development institutions in this region, and places the policies designed to promote appropriate agricultural equipment in the context of an overall rural development strategy

The central dilemma facing Zimbabwe's new government is the need to find a balance between improving the farm sector & the lot of peasants & wage earners, while maintaining confidence in the commercial, industrial, & agricultural sectors. Focus is on new minimum wage legislation introduced in July 1980. The tobacco & maize industries, which represent Zimbabwe's major crops, are analyzed in detail. The disparity between wage labor & peasant farmers has increased, but a fall in employment & an increase in productivity, capital investment, & management efficiency are predicted, along the patterns exhibited by other developing nations. Annual income of some families of farm laborers is forecast to fall because of decreased demand for the seasonal labor of women & children. Caution in minimum wage legislation is suggested, & the preferability of pricing policy underscored. 1 Table. C. Ornatowski.