Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this study was to analyze organizational learning and the facilitating factors and critical elements for development of post-secondary distance education and online degree programs at three universities in Hawaii: University of Hawaii at Hilo (public), Hawaii Pacific University and Chaminade University (both private). The researcher interviewed campus officials, key staff and tenured professors who had been instrumental in development of these programs. The data revealed that the growth of these programs was organic, with no formal edict, with only one institution having formalized grant monies to help develop their program. Support for distance programs was not widespread throughout the campus, but rather focused in compartmentalized areas, and in some cases, began with one person venturing out of 'the norm.' This organic growth led to a gradual, but minimal increase in faculty involvement, and administrative support, albeit without any significant investment in course architecture and software support, initially. Institutional support has continued, but does not encourage in a broad sense, continued distance education growth, nor faculty involvement. Marketplace considerations proved a heavy influence on development of these programs. Many students continue to be geographically isolated and there is a heavy concentration of military being transferred from their existing base, and university, unable to transfer credits to a new university at their new duty station. Further development of distance education and online degree programs is a means of assisting institutions of higher learning in reaching more students, geographically isolated from main campus operations. This applies to those existing and potential students in Hawaii, as well as abroad and in the continental United States. Although distance education and online degree programs do not totally replace campus-based courses at these institutions, they do provide an augmentation of existing classroom architecture and allow the student more freedom in the pathway to degree completion.

The purpose of this study was to analyze organizational learning and the facilitating factors and critical elements for development of post-secondary distance education and online degree programs at three universities in Hawaii: University of Hawaii at Hilo (public), Hawaii Pacific University and Chaminade University (both private). The researcher interviewed campus officials, key staff and tenured professors who had been instrumental in development of these programs. The data revealed that the growth of these programs was organic, with no formal edict, with only one institution having formalized grant monies to help develop their program. Support for distance programs was not widespread throughout the campus, but rather focused in compartmentalized areas, and in some cases, began with one person venturing out of 'the norm.' This organic growth led to a gradual, but minimal increase in faculty involvement, and administrative support, albeit without any significant investment in course architecture and software support, initially. Institutional support has continued, but does not encourage in a broad sense, continued distance education growth, nor faculty involvement. Marketplace considerations proved a heavy influence on development of these programs. Many students continue to be geographically isolated and there is a heavy concentration of military being transferred from their existing base, and university, unable to transfer credits to a new university at their new duty station. Further development of distance education and online degree programs is a means of assisting institutions of higher learning in reaching more students, geographically isolated from main campus operations. This applies to those existing and potential students in Hawaii, as well as abroad and in the continental United States. Although distance education and online degree programs do not totally replace campus-based courses at these institutions, they do provide an augmentation of existing classroom architecture and allow the student more freedom in the pathway to degree completion.

The history of white-collar and corporate crime in our nation has been one of toleration. Throughout much of this century, the victims, the government, and the criminal justice system have been largely inactive in attempting to control this form of law-violating behavior. Asa result, occupational and organizational crime offenders have been treated preferentially in our courts when compared to traditional or common crime offenders. Beginning in the 1970s, however, public attitudes began to changeand the government and criminal justice system were given a mandate to pursue these offenders. This paper utilizes aggregate data on the U.S. District Courts for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1964, 1974, and 1984, and is designed to investigate whethera shift in criminal justice policy (arising from public concerns over corporate and white-collar crime) has been put into effect. That is, have equitableoperational policies for the adjudicationand sentencing of corporate, white-collar, and common crime offenders evolved over the past three decades? The conclusions drawn from the data suggest that while corporate and white-collar criminals are more frequently being brought to the attention of the courts, and have beenreceiving more and moreserious sanctions, they are still receiving more lenient penalties for their actions than are common property crime offenders.

ABSTRACTThis article examines the largely atheoretical tradition of victimization research and some of the unintended consequences of work in the area. In using a legalistic definition of crime, victimization research has failed to incorporate the public's definition of crime and victimization. While "street" and property crime have a decided impact upon people's lives, the consequences of real or alleged corporate and political crimes also affect people's concep‐tions of their lives. The authors outline the beginnings of a theoretically apposite reinterpretation of perceptual victimlogy findings and related methodological concerns, and suggest ways that social scientists can become actively involved in the debunk‐ing of the "crime wave" mentality perpetuated through the media by providing alternate interpretations of crime statistics.

When considering how safety systems fulfil drivers' needs, leading to an evaluation of overall benefit, it is important to understand the overall functionality of the system, take into account as many design parameters as possible and consider previous evaluation work. The objective of this research is to provide an inventory of in-vehicle technological systems that are present on current production models, using a standard template. A catalogue listing details such as the aim of the system, the functions covered by the system, phase of the accident upon which the system is acting, the level of intervention, technical specifications and previous evaluations is developed for 31 active, passive and integrated safety systems and the example of the Adaptive Cruise Control system is presented in this paper. Moreover, a review of existing identification procedures related to safety systems is carried out, aiming to underline the available information sources that could be used to gather data on safety equipment using a common format, review the variable level of quality and the feasibility and length of time that it would take to collect the data. Results revealed that although there are many different implementations of safety systems with different performance parameters, the development of a safety systems inventory can become a useful tool for analysts to establish a feel for a generic system, project the functionality of such a system onto available accident data and importantly to evaluate if the system really meets drivers' needs. The use of an assembled standard template can further act as a central register, in which analysts can quickly acquire detailed information on the system along with web links to vehicle manufacturer, governmental, safety and research organization websites. Furthermore, two main safety systems data collection methods were identified through the review of different data sources, either using the make/model/ variant approach or the VIN number method, demonstrating the feasibility of ...

This conference paper is freely available online at: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00956234 ; When considering how safety systems fulfil drivers' needs, leading to an evaluation of overall benefit, it is important to understand the overall functionality of the system, take into account as many design parameters as possible and consider previous evaluation work. The objective of this research is to provide an inventory of in-vehicle technological systems that are present on current production models, using a standard template. A catalogue listing details such as the aim of the system, the functions covered by the system, phase of the accident upon which the system is acting, the level of intervention, technical specifications and previous evaluations is developed for 31 active, passive and integrated safety systems and the example of the Adaptive Cruise Control system is presented in this paper. Moreover, a review of existing identification procedures related to safety systems is carried out, aiming to underline the available information sources that could be used to gather data on safety equipment using a common format, review the variable level of quality and the feasibility and length of time that it would take to collect the data. Results revealed that although there are many different implementations of safety systems with different performance parameters, the development of a safety systems inventory can become a useful tool for analysts to establish a feel for a generic system, project the functionality of such a system onto available accident data and importantly to evaluate if the system really meets drivers' needs. The use of an assembled standard template can further act as a central register, in which analysts can quickly acquire detailed information on the system along with web links to vehicle manufacturer, governmental, safety and research organization websites. Furthermore, two main safety systems data collection methods were identified through the review of different data sources, either using the make/model/ variant approach or the VIN number method, demonstrating the feasibility of recording all active, passive and integrated safety systems implemented within a vehicle to a European wide database. This work has been undertaken in the EC funded DaCoTA project.