Suchergebnisse

Illustrates the problem of state violence, identifies its different forms, & describes the connections between state crime & traditional violent crimes. Of the three levels of violence defined, the state is directly involved in structural & institutional violence & indirectly involved in personal violence. Structural violence & state terrorism are linked to crimes of interpersonal violence through common social conditions, eg, economic marginality, mass social deprivation, community breakdown, & the US culture of militarism. L. Nguyen

Die Entwicklungen bis zum neunten Jahrhundert hatten dazu geführt, dass von den Menschen, die das Reich der Karolinger organisierten und beherrschten, dafür verantwortlich waren, eine Reihe von sozialen, religiösen und politischen Veränderungen herbeizuführen. Das vorliegende Werk widmet sich diesen Transformationen während der ersten Jahrzehnte des neunten Jahrhunderts, als das Reich noch vom Optimismus seiner Oberschicht geprägt war. Dabei wird keine neue große Analyse angeboten, sondern auf der Grundlage der reichlich zum Thema vorhandenen Detailstudien eine neue Interpretation der zeitgenössischen Wahrnehmung von der Verbesserung des eigenen Verhaltens einerseits und der institutionellen Reformen andererseits vorgelegt. Das Buch zeigt das Ausmaß an Reflexion, das die Träger der karolingischen Reformen aufwiesen - immer mit der Leitfrage im Kopf, was einen guten Christen in einem guten, christlichen Reich ausmacht. ; By the early ninth century, taking responsibility for aseries of social, religious and political transformations had become an integral part of running the Carolingian empire. This book takes a fresh look at these transformations during the optimistic first decades of the ninth century. Extrapolating from a series of detailed case studies rather than presenting a new grand narrative, it offers new interpretations of contemporary theories of personal improvement and institutional reforms, and shows the self-awareness of its main instigators as they pondered what it meant to be a good Christian in a good Christian empire.

Reviews Stuart L. Hills (ed.), Corporate Violence: Injury and Death for Profit. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1987, and Francis T. Cullen, William J.Maakestad, and Gray Cavender, Corporate Crime Under Attack: the Ford Pinto Case and Beyond. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson, 1987. (PFB)

Examines Bill Clinton's actions on the crime-control issue from the campaign of 1992 to the passage of the crime bill in 1994. Finds that although President Clinton speaks about preventing crime by addressing its fundamental root causes, the actual legislation and policies his administration has supported are not significantly different from those of his conservative predecessors.

There are more than 3000 ongoing conflicts involving the extractive industries (mining, gas, and oil) and communities impacted by extractive activity. Most of these conflicts are in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In this paper we examine three resistance movements in Brazil, Chile, and India where Indigenous groups are resisting mining operations on their lands. We argue these movements represent forms of translocal subaltern resistance based on local political ecologies of marginalized. In particular, we develop the notion of disembeddedness to show how conflicts arise between local political ecologies and the political economy of resource extraction. We contribute to the literature by (1) bridging insights from subaltern studies and political ecology to explain how forms of resistance emerge (2) providing empirical support to theories of translocal resistance by conducting a comparative analysis of resistance movements from three countries. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings for resistance movements.

Despite decades of study, conservation biocontrol via manipulation of landscape elements has not become a mainstream strategy for pest control. Meanwhile, conservation groups and governments rarely consider the impacts of land management on pest control, and growers can even fear that conservation biocontrol strategies may exacerbate pest problems. By finding leverage points among these actors, there may be opportunities to align them to promote more widespread adoption of conservation biological control at the landscape-scale. But are ecologists measuring the right things and presenting the right evidence to enable such alignment? We articulate key concerns of growers, conservation groups, and governments with regards to implementing conservation biological control at the landscape scale and argue that if ecologists want to gain more traction, we need to reconsider what we measure, for what goals, and for which audiences. A wider set of landscape objectives that ecologists should consider in our measurements include risk management for growers and co-benefits of multifunctional landscapes for public actors. Ecologists need to shift our paradigm toward longer-term, dynamic measurements, and build cross-disciplinary understanding with socioeconomic and behavioral sciences, to enable better integration of the objectives of these diverse actors that will be necessary for landscape management for conservation biocontrol to achieve its full potential. ; Peer Review

Despite the scientific consensus on the extinction crisis and its anthropogenic origin, the quantification of historical trends and of future scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services has been limited, due to the lack of inter-model comparisons and harmonized scenarios. Here, we present a multi-model analysis to assess the impacts of land-use and climate change from 1900 to 2050. During the 20th century provisioning services increased, but biodiversity and regulating services decreased. Similar trade-offs are projected for the coming decades, but they may be attenuated in a sustainability scenario. Future biodiversity loss from land-use change is projected to keep up with historical rates or reduce slightly, whereas losses due to climate change are projected to increase greatly. Renewed efforts are needed by governments to meet the 2050 vision of the Convention on Biological Diversity.