Suchergebnisse

Introduction. At present, Ukraine has intensified its efforts to bring the technical regulation system closer to the requirements of the EU. But these efforts mainly concern the formation of a system of technical regulation in general, regardless of the livestock sector. The problem of the livestock products safety remains extremely acute for Ukraine. Its scale in the context of the formation of a free trade zone with the EU is only increasing. This requires substantiation of decisions regarding the formation of the newest components of the state regulation and control system in the field of livestock products safety. These components should be adequate to modern European requirements.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the components of the newest state regulation and control system in the field of livestock products safety, as well as substantiation of tools for improving the efficiency of their functioning.Results. The signs of certain archaism of the Ukrainian system of state regulation and control (supervision) in the field of safety are revealed. By 2015, it was oriented towards the principles of command and administrative economy. The newest tendencies and system tools for improving the domestic control system in order to harmonize it with the European one are outlined. These trends contribute to the development of a process or integrated approach to ensuring the safety of livestock products. The newest system of state control contains separate elements that guarantee the clarity and unambiguousness in determining the responsibility of market operators for violating the requirements of safety legislation.Originality. The conceptual bases of risk assessment in the activity of livestock production market operators (risks of processes and capacities) are offered. Such an assessment is the basis for determining the frequency of inspections and contributes to avoiding corruption and excessive pressure from the controlling authorities. In contrast to the ones already developed and used, the provisions of the author's approach provide for the implementation of the principle of effective motivation for the increase of value added. This principle is to generate incentives for priority investment in the production, processing and processing of livestock products. That is, investment in sectors generating a high share of value added and ensuring the sustained food security of the state is encouraged.Conclusion. It is important to ensure the proper implementation of new requirements for the livestock products safety. After all, the very harmonization of legislation is not enough. This primarily concerns professional inspection and laboratory services - an important component of state control (supervision). There is a need to promote technical accreditation and accreditation by foreign accreditation bodies of a number of testing laboratories. Otherwise, it is technically impossible to ensure effective state control of the livestock products safety and quality. It is advisable to introduce effective mechanisms of HACCP audit. It is the basis of the modern system of control in the field of production and circulation of livestock products. The indicated mechanisms should be based on risk assessment in order to avoid the threat of corrupt actions by the controlling bodies and excessive pressure on the livestock producers market.

Problem. Despite the significant increase in the area of organic land in Ukraine, the vast majority of these areas are occupied by arable crops. Thus, 48.1% of all organic lands are occupied by cereals, more than 16% are oilseeds; 4.6% - legumes; 2% - vegetables, 0.6% - fruits. Of the 485 domestic entrepreneurs who received an organic certificate, only 15 entrepreneurs or 3% of their total number produce livestock products.Purpose of the article is a theoretical and methodological justification of the organizational and economic mechanism of organic livestock products production and consumption development in Ukraine.Results. The logical chain of concepts "mechanism" - "economic mechanism" - "organizational and economic mechanism" - "organizational and economic of organic livestock products production and consumption development" is substantiated, and also author's interpretations of these concepts are offered. The principles of formation and improvement of organizational and economic mechanism (EOM) of organic livestock products production and consumption development are defined: unity of economic, social and ecological goals, neoprotectionism, and sufficiency of grounds for state intervention and efficiency, equivalence and proportionality, efficiency. The conceptual scheme of OEM development of organic production and consumption of livestock products is offered, which combines the purpose and tasks, factors and preconditions, priorities of formation, as well as tools, measures and expected results of OEM implementation. The existing disparities in the development of the domestic organic sector (in the direction of priority development of organic crop production) are indicated. The tools of direct and indirect state support for the production of organic livestock products are substantiated. A number of measures and tools have been developed to stimulate demand for organic livestock products, as well as to expand their exports.Originality. For the first time, the theoretical foundations of the study of the impact of organizational and economic support for the organic livestock products production and consumption development on the formation of value added within the country, as well as the growth of intellectual potential of the nation. Theoretical principles serve as an effective tool for understanding the priority of creating added value in animal husbandry, the direct dependence of the nation's health and the growth of its intellectual potential on the processes of consuming food rich in essential animal proteins. Mechanisms for stimulating demand for organic livestock products and mechanisms for stimulating its exports have been improved. Their implementation will increase the capacity of the domestic market of organic livestock products, increase the competitiveness of domestic products, accelerate the process of conquering new markets, improve the structure of domestic exports and expand its range.Conclusions. Given the actual absence of PDO / PGI / TSG certification systems for livestock products in Ukraine, given the duration of the relevant legislation and its implementation, there is no reason to predict the growth of production and consumption of these products in the medium term. Accordingly, high-quality livestock products will be associated primarily with organic products. Author's measures and tools provide a direct link between state support for the livestock industry and ensuring the quality of livestock products. To increase the availability of organic products to the average consumer, to curb the social stratification of society, it is proposed to reduce the VAT rate to 7% on the main types of organic livestock products. This will achieve a number of goals: first, to provide healthy food to a significant proportion of the population, and secondly, increase the efficiency of organic livestock production and competitiveness of these products, which will strengthen the position of domestic producers of organic products in domestic and foreign markets, accumulate added value inland.

The scientific article reveals the vectors of evolution of state control over safety and individual indicators of quality of livestock products in Ukraine. The analysis of the state control system is carried out in the context of five components: 1) legislation; 2) management and its organizational structure; 3) inspection service; 4) laboratory service; 5) information, training and communication. The problems that cause the low quality and danger of many livestock products in Ukraine have been identified. The ways of improvement of the state control over safety and separate indicators of quality of livestock products in Ukraine are shown.

Introduction. A key element of the study of economic relations in the high-quality animal products market is the disclosure of the theoretical and methodological bases of pricing. Pricing processes directly affect the results of public reproduction in the agricultural sector, determine the satisfaction of the population's needs for basic animal products. The problems of securing high rates of livestock intensification in the current conditions and raising the standard of living of the population cannot be solved without establishing an effective pricing mechanism and harmonization of price proportions in the agro-industrial complex.The purpose of the article is to determine the principles and methods of pricing for high quality animal products in modern conditions.Results. The need to develop a systematic concept of price based on the study of the impact on the price of a number of interrelated factors is substantiated. To substantiate this concept, the toolkit for the concept of alternative value of goods was used. It is proved that price is a form of monetary value of goods. It is formed under the influence of a system of pricing factors (economic, technological, psychological, political, etc.) that have different orientations and potentials of influence depending on a particular situation for a certain period of time. The pricing process is related not only to production but also to market conditions. The principles and methods of pricing for high quality livestock products in modern conditions are determined. The basic principles of pricing, along with the scientific, goal-oriented, continuity, include the principles of proportionality and adequacy. It is concluded that the application of pricing methods with a focus on demand and competition in the context of large scale falsification of products, with the predominance of oligopolistic environment does not ensure the establishment of a price for high quality animal products, which will guarantee at least a simple reproduction.Originality. Theoretical approaches to substantiating the systematic concept of pricing for high-quality livestock products have been further developed. Such approaches are a logical continuation of the part of economic theory that has been called value theory by prominent representatives of economic thought. A conceptual clause has been formed whereby value as an economic category expresses the subjective aspect of the perception of the goods, both by the consumer (on the basis of its usefulness, rarity), and by the producer (on the basis of awareness of the alternative value of the goods, i.e. the value of lost opportunities from alternative use of resources).Conclusions. The existing animal husbandry support methods in Ukraine are insufficient and ineffective and do not provide equivalent cross-sectoral exchange. Partial compensation for interest rates on loans, some subsidies for livestock production and milk production, and partial compensation for fixed assets indirectly influence the increase in animal products production. For a commodity producer, the main motive for his activity is to obtain income from the sale of products, at the expense of which it is possible to cover the available costs. Therefore, the most rational method of stimulating the production of high quality animal products is the introduction of a mechanism of government support for purchase prices, which will create economic interest in increasing its output and sale.

Modern economics is a complex multi component system where management is aimed, first of all, at solving problems of optimal use of land, labor and material and technical resources in order to increase the efficiency of production.Land is the basis of agricultural development. If in all other branches of production land plays mainly a passive role, it is an active element in agriculture. In this branch, it is simultaneously an object of labor and a means of production due to which a man grows necessary crops.The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of land resources and determine indicators to improve of the efficiency of land resource potential for improving the management system of resource potential of enterprises.The conducted research made it possible to conclude that enterprise's land resources are interdependent and interconnected and balanced optimal correlation between them opens up opportunities for developing an innovative economic system which is characterized by maximum productivity.As a result of the study, it has been established that the process of managing land resource potential of enterprises should be based on the use of a systematic approach, which involves evaluating land resource opportunities and their rational use in the conditions prevailing.The practical value of the research is to carry out an assessment of the land resource potential of enterprises on the basis of the use of the index estimation method. The evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of structural components of the land potential of the territory allows us to analyze the level of development of the regional economy, identify disparities between individual elements of the potential, as well as to define priority areas of regional policy in the field of land use.The assessment made it possible to determine main criteria for improving the efficiency and potential use of land resources of enterprises. As a basis the indicator of potential yields can be used.

Under reducing domestic demand for food in Ukraine and increasing dependence on the world food market, a significant part of quasi-price rent from its sale is assigned by intermediary exporters, thus reducing the welfare of domestic commodity producers and consumers. To mitigate this negative effect, it is necessary to have a carefully designed marketing business strategy. The purpose of this article is to summarize the practice of using the main elements of the marketing complex, analyze the effective management of marketing activities of agricultural producers in Ukraine and determine the main directions for increasing its effectiveness by establishing marketing relations for the product supply. Given the large area of Ukraine and the complexity to obtain monographic data that are not subject to monitoring by the State Statistics Service, the study was conducted using agricultural enterprises of the typical agricultural district, namely Khrystynivka district of Cherkasy region (Ukraine) as an example. It is revealed that the use of marketing tools by agricultural enterprises is limited due to the specifics of commodity products and the managers' focus on short-term business goals. The analysis of forming and realizing the marketing complex of the district enterprises using the monographic method has shown that enterprises systematically use only elements such as commodity policy and distribution policy, while relying exclusively on retrospective marketing data. Significant increase in the return on marketing costs in the short term can only be achieved if formal or informal associations of commodity producers are formed on a functional-territorial basis. This will create a scale effect and allow each member to reduce transaction costs and get an additional premium. It is proved that while conducting administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine, it is most appropriate to form such associations within the boundaries of the united territorial communities.