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The study gives a scientific and philosophical interpretation of the spiritual essence of Adygs. The novelty of the study is in the analysis of the phenomenon of "adygstvo" (адыгагъэ) – a system of moral values and guidelines of Adygs through the philosophical category of "understanding". The authors propose supplementing the fundamental elements of the Adyghe ethics with the term "shhyak1o" (шъхьак1о) – a collective term that incorporates everything that belittles, detract, or encroaches on the honor and dignity of the Adyghes. The importance of preserving and following one's cultural code in the context of globalization and the need to overcome the culture gap in their daily manifestation by representatives of various ethnic groups are noted. The importance of maintaining and following its cultural code in the context of globalization is noted; the need to overcome cultural gaps in their daily manifestation by representatives of various ethnic groups. The materials and conclusions of the article can be used in the field of regional culture and the process of cultural self-determination of the Adyghes.

Introduction. The sociopolitical commotions of 1917 caused the rise of national liberation ideas in the North Caucasus. These ideas attracted representatives of various social groups of the indigenous population of the Nalchik district to the revolution. But the national question was intertwined with the task of seizing power and the economic interests of individual circles, which formed four options for solving the national question. It is necessary to pay attention to them and highlight the perspective of the picture of the events of the Civil War. Analysis. The article presents an analysis of the main variants of national ideas through the characteristics of the main characters of the dramatic period in Kabarda and Balkaria. This is, firstly, Shakmanov's policy of national neutrality, aimed at preventing armed uprisings and civilian casualties. Secondly, this is the program of Dautokov-Serebryakov, which offered complete self-determination of Kabarda, but could not stand the collaboration with Denikin's idea of a "great and indivisible Russia". The third position, presented by Katkhanov, combined the national liberation aspirations of the people with religious consciousness. The fourth was manifested in the rhetoric of Kalmykov, who interpreted the early Bolshevik documents on the right of nations to self-determination in the context of a federation. Results. The complex of methods of objective historical analysis gives an understanding of some of the reasons that attracted various social groups, predominantly the agrarian population of Kabarda and Balkaria, to participate in the Civil War. Authors' contribution. Development of the concept of the article, analysis of the results and general editing belongs to M.A. Tekueva. The introductory section was written by M.Kh. Gugova. The analysis of the idea of national independence during the Civil War in the Nalchik region was carried out by A.A. Konovalov.

The study considers the dependence of mentality on ethno-cultural conditions, the impact of the people's lifestyle on their mentality, the problem of a national character formation. The novelty of the study is that it gives a characteristic of the most multinational region of Russia – the Southern Federal District. Despite the natural, national, religious differences, living together in one territory contributed to the formation of a common mentality of the numerous peoples of southern Russia. It is emphasized that nowadays national value principles and orienteers gain special relevance as a way of obtaining mental stability which is based on spiritual experience of the previous generations. And at the same time, a globalist mentality is forming.

The article deals with the issues of the justice of the sentence, which are of decisive importance for the legality and validity of the final act, as well as the fairness of the punishment imposed. It is based on the verdicts of the courts of first instance, which later, due to improper application of the criminal or criminal procedure law, were canceled by the court of appeal. Analysis of the mistakes made by the courts of first instance has been carried out, on the basis of which amendments to both the current legislation and judicial practice in criminal cases are proposed and systematized. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that in the course of sentencing and imposition of fair and lawful punishment the courts of first instance do not adequately take into account the degree of public danger of the committed act, as well as personal characteristics of the guilty person, in addition, the mitigating circumstances are not properly assessed.

Introduction. Scientific understanding of current and future trends in the development of society, the formulation of problems of social development, and even more so its prediction is associated with the analysis of the role and place of modern and promising communication technologies in the complex architecture of social interactions. Today, such technologies determine the direction of restructuring traditional political and economic institutions contribute to the formation of fundamentally new formats of social interactions. The beginning of the 21st century was marked by a wide spread of sharing relations – old socio-economic practices of joint (shared) use of goods in a new technical and technological design. The driver of the development of joint consumption practices has also been the spread of global trends in the transition from a system of strong fundamental links between socioeconomic entities to weaker but numerous temporary links. Methods and materials. In the course of the study, the sharing economy was considered through the prism of structural-functional, neoinstitutional and network approaches. The authors used system analysis, interdisciplinary and empirical methods (questionnaire, expert survey), as well as the method of social modeling. The materials for the study were the publications of leading foreign and domestic researchers of the issue in peer-reviewed scientific publications, as well as the results of a cross-regional sociological study conducted by the authors. Analysis. Currently, an institutional formation of a new ontological reality within which self-regulating, more autonomous from the state, sharing communities built on the network principle function is taking place. Through the liberalization of access to a wide range of benefits through low-cost channels, sharing contributes to the growth of trust, social well-being, and reduction of social tension. At the same time, the uncontrolled spread of sharing practices is fraught with a drop in the level of institutional and interpersonal trust, an increase in conflict in society, and the deformation of regional and sectoral labor markets, which will naturally affect social well-being and political stability. Results. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis of the study that the practices of joint consumption in Russia have a pronounced development potential and a growing influence on the political sphere through the growth of political activity of the population participating in these practices, through the actualization of microsocial contracts and the subsequent translation of their content to the macro level.

The article examines the influence of the Islamic factor on the revolutionary processes in the North Caucasus region. Particular attention is focused on the activities of two spiritual leaders of the region – N. Katkhanov and Uzun-Khadji, who attempted to create mountain polities in the conditions of revolutionary turbulence. It is em-phasized that the Kabardian effendi N. Katkhanov considered a possible synthesis of socialism and Shariah, based on which he tried to unite Muslims in the struggle for Soviet power, but did not consider the scenario of Kabarda's secession from Soviet Russia. Unlike N. Katkhanov, the Avar mullah Uzun-Haji proclaimed the crea-tion of the Shariah monarchy, officially called the North Caucasian Emirate. Uzun-Khadzhi fought against the regime of A. Denikin under the slogans of protecting the Muslim faith and, as a result, sought to achieve the independence of the North Caucasus. The article also scrutinizes the Bolsheviks' interaction with Islamic movements in the region.

The article discusses the problems of the practical implementation of the law on "sovereign runet". This bill is an integral element in the formation of a digital economy system. Many countries are actively developing a sustainable and highly effective cyber- security system. The implementation of aggressive policies in a number of countries is one of the reasons for the adoption of this bill andthe creation of a domestic system. However, this bill caused a number of disputes, both in professional and political circles. The relevance of the topic of theoretical research is obvious, since the formation of a digital economy and the creation of a sustainable cybersecurity system is impossible without the creation of domestic information resources.