Suchergebnisse

The aim of this work is to assess the development of voivodships in terms of the usage of e‑services (e‑government, e‑commerce, e‑health, etc.) in households, in comparison with the research on the overall ICT usage in households, in voivodships. The results of both of these studies enabled the verification of the thesis that the higher the level of overall ICT usage in households, in a given voivodship, the higher the level of e‑services usage in these households. In the theoretical part of the work, the rationale for the research was presented. Therefore, the importance of the usage of e‑services in households, for building an information society and consequently knowledge‑based economy, has been described. The research methodology also included: linear ordering methods (Hellwig's method, methods that are non‑based on the pattern of development), agglomerative hierarchical clustering method (Ward's method), and optimisation clustering method (the k‑means method) have been discussed. The empirical part of the work involves presentation of the research results. Data from the year 2017, provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland, was used. Within the framework of the usage of e‑services in households (26 variables), the rankings of voivodships were created and the clusters of voivodships were detected. The obtained rankings and clusters of voivodships served to compare and assess voivodships in the analysed year. In the light of the results relating to the usage of the e‑services, the results of ordering and clustering of voivodships within the framework of overall ICT usage in households (27 variables) were obtained. Then, the verification of the assumed thesis was conducted.

Abstract
The aim of this research study is to test the effectiveness of the single-sectional integrated model, in which a neural network is applied to support a regression, as a consistent tool for short-term forecasting of hourly demand (in sec.) for telecommunications services. The theoretical part of the paper involves the idea of the single-sectional integrated model and differences between this model and a multi-sectional integrated model. Moreover, the research methodology is described, i.e. the elements used in the constructed model (the feedforward neural model and the regression with dichotomous explanatory variables), and the manner of their integration are discussed.
In the empirical part of this work, the results of the carried out experiments are included. The comparison of the obtained effectiveness (in terms of approximation and prediction) of the explored single-sectional integrated model with the effectiveness of the non-supported regression model and the multi-sectional integrated model are conducted. In this research work, it is proved that the single-sectional integrated model enables better results in comparison to the non-integrated regression and the mutli-sectional integrated model. The originality of this paper is based on: the created single-sectional integrated model in terms of the analysed phenomenon, the verification of the model effectiveness, and the comparison of the constructed model with other models and assessment.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes and current state of the Polish mobile telephony market. The thesis of the article states that a multiple increase in demand for telecommunication services has been observed on the Polish mobile telephony market in 2002–2013. The article describes the transformation of the Polish mobile telephony market based on its demonopolization and liberalisation. The quantitative research was based on the annual statistical data of Central Statistical Office and reports of Office of Electronic Communications.

Celem artykułu jest analiza stopnia realizacji polityki telekomunikacyjnej w Polsce w zawężeniu do celów sformułowanych w Strategii regulacyjnej do roku 2015. W artykule pozytywnie zweryfikowano tezę, że poziom dotychczasowego wykonania obecnej strategii regulacyjnej jest zadowalający.W części teoretycznej zdefiniowano politykę telekomunikacyjną, dokonano analizy znaczenia tej polityki w rozwoju gospodarczym, a także określono jej lokalizację w klasyfikacji polityki publicznej. Ponadto, scharakteryzowano podstawowe instytucje władcze rynku telekomunikacyjnego, które są odpowiedzialne za kreowanie i realizację polityki prowadzonej w sektorze telekomunikacyjnym. W części empirycznej, opartej na danych ilościowych, zaprezentowano wartości mierników stopnia realizacji celów badanej strategii regulacyjnej. Przeprowadzoną analizę ilościową poszerzono o podejmowane przez Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej działania na rzecz realizacji strategii.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the progress in the telecommunications policy in Poland narrowed down to the objectives enunciated in the Regulatory Strategy until 2015.In the article the thesis that the current progress in the regulatory strategy is gratifying was confirmed. In the theoretical part the telecommunications policy and its role in the economic development are defined as well as the location of the policy in the classification of public policy is indicated. Furthermore, telecommunications market authorities, which are responsible for creating and conducting the policy in the telecommunication sector, are characterised. In the empirical part, which is based on the quantitative data, the foregoing values of indicators showing the progress in meeting the strategy objectives are presented. The conducted quantitative analysis is extended to the actions taken by the Office of Electronic Communications in order to implement the strategy.

In the period of post-communist transition, Central Europe witnessed complex and multifaceted mobility processes; permanent outmigration, of an ethnic or labour-related nature, coexisted with temporary, seasonal, or cross-border movements and an increasing influx of foreigners. To study these complex processes, we have chosen to apply a holistic and comprehensive approach, rather than limit conceptual considerations to one theory of migration determinants. We focus on eleven post-communist countries that joined the European Union (EU-11) and on the period extending from around 1989, covering the EU's eastward enlargement, to the present. The aim of this study is twofold: first, we propose a general conceptual framework, based on the aspirations/capabilities approach, to present the main determinants of emigration from this part of the European continent. Second, in relation to each determinant, we formulate research questions postulated by selected theories of international migration and present the evidence, based on existing empirical studies, that addresses these questions. The paper contributes to the literature by providing a broad interpretation of post-transition mobility and pointing to commonly overlooked explanatory factors. We highlight the importance of economic factors that have enhanced and directed the outward migration from the EU-11 to selected EU member states and selected economic sectors; in particular, as regards capabilities, these factors include the lifting of labour market restrictions, high demand in the secondary sector of labour markets, and the roles of migration networks and the migration industry. Emphasis is also placed on aspirational factors, such as labour market failures and the substantial aspirational gap resulting from improvements in high educational attainment in the countries of origin. The aspirations/capabilities approach serves well as a general framework of migration determinants, but its explanatory power is enhanced by reference to other, more specific theories of migration. We show that a combination of the complementary approaches provides a more refined and in-depth picture of migration from the region.

Abstract
In the past years, Poland has been not only a country of (mass) immigration but also a country where foreigners have begun to play a much larger role in the domestic labour market than ever before. This makes the analyses of foreigners' integration increasingly important both to understand the situation of immigrants in Poland and their impact on the national economy and social processes. In this context, this article aims to quantify one of the dimensions of the economic integration of immigrants. We look at the level of earnings as one of the indicators of their integration process. Additionally, we refer to the impact of social capital (in the form of migrant networks) on the economic situation of immigrants. We focus on immigrants from Ukraine—the most numerous group of foreigners in Poland. Based on a unique data set, we empirically identify the key dimensions that have an impact on their incomes, including gender, employment sector and legal status. We also point to the statistically significant effects of migrant networks on migrants' earnings.