Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACT There are two views on "industrial policy", negative and positive. Negative views say the market mechanism is the best way to allocate resources efficiently. Thus, government policy with preferential treatment for a specific industry hinders this market force and leads to a misallocation of resources. On the other hand, positive views say that state intervention is necessary since market forces sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently. Broadly speaking, this is an issue on relationships between the state and the market, or to what extent we can rely on the "invisible hand" of Adam Smith.

RESUMO Uma comparação entre os países do Leste e Sudeste Asiático e os países da América Latina é feita em relação às finanças públicas, com ênfase especial na comparação fiscal durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980. Os déficits governamentais foram maiores na América Latina do que na Ásia nos dois períodos correspondentes. Um aumento imprevisto de preços na América Latina está positivamente relacionado a esses grandes déficits. Aumentos marcantes no pagamento de juros da dívida pública durante a década de 90 na América Latina estreitaram a margem das políticas fiscais. Portanto, alguns medidas de alívio da dívida, bem como a reforma tributária fundamental, são urgentemente necessários na América Latina.

ABSTRACT New trends are now taking place within manufacturing industries led by multi-national corporations (MNCs). Globalization and liberalization together with the information technology (IT) revolution has accelerated "fables" industry in the network economy, i.e. outsourcing production processes and global parts procurement by MNCs. As a consequence of this, the primary function of the MNC has changed from that of manufacturer to 'service' provider by outsourcing production processes to foreign contract manufacturers (CMs). NAFTA in fact mutated Mexico into a production platform toward the US and Canada as well as Latin American countries. We can observe these dramatic changes, for instance, in Guadalajara in Mexico, now called the "Silicon Valley in the South". Since MNCs use their brand names to sell products, their business function becomes close to that of the fashion industry. They market their products in the same way as Gucci and Chanel sell products of original design carrying their brand names. Therefore, product design and marketing become highly important for MNCs to achieve success in business while domestic providers have been left behind for their parts and components supply in this new global supply chain.

New trends are now taking place within manufacturing industries led by multinational corporations. Globalization and liberalization together with the information technology revolution has changed the primary function of the MNC from that of manufacturer to service provider by outsourcing production processes to foreign contract manufacturers. As a consequence, NAFTA mutated Mexico into a production platform toward the US and Canada as well as Latin American countries. These dramatic changes can be observed, for instance, in Guadalajara in Mexico, now called the "Silicon Valley in the South". (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)

Agglomeration in Asia -- The relationship between Toyota and its parts suppliers in the age of information and globalization : concentration vs. dispersion / Masatsugu Tsuji -- Iron town cluster : Yawata, its glory, decline and rebirth / Mitsuhiro Kagami -- Information technology and economic growth : discovering the informational role of density / Takuo Imagawa -- Agglomeration of exporting firms in industrial zones in Northern Vietnam : players and institutions / Akifumi Kuchiki -- Industrial agglomeration and regional growth in Korea : focusing on the software and IT service sector / Yasushi Ueki -- China's regional industrial disparity from the viewpoint of industrial agglomeration / Koichiro Kimura -- Agglomeration in Italy -- Italian comparative advantages, persistence and change in overall specialization / Luca De Benedictis -- Globalization, industrial districts and value chains / Roberta Rabellotti -- The competitive advantage of a region : industrial districts in Emilia-Romagna / Enrico Santarelli -- Where is the internet? : agglomeration in space and cyberspace / Emanuele Giovannetti, Karsten Neuhoff and Giancarlo Spagnolo -- Agglomeration in the Americas -- The software industry in North America : human capital, international migration and foreign trade / Andrew Schrank -- Mexico : the management revolution and the emergence of the software industry / Clemente Ruiz Durán.

The proliferation of new information technologies throughout the world has raised some important questions for policymakers as to how developing countries can benefit from their diffusion. This important volume compares the advantages and disadvantages of the IT revolution through detailed studies of a variety of developed and developing nations and regions: Argentina, Estonia, the EU, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand and the USA