Suchergebnisse

The elections to the National Duma (Parliament) in 2007 did not change the system of political forces. The composition of the parliament remained practically the same as before the elections. Yet the results were relatively significant as evidence that the political system is stable: the composition of political forces remained unchanged. The significance of the Duma elected in the course of December 2007 elections is likely to weaken. The Parliament has become even less independent and more subordinate to the executive power. One can venture to say that the Russian Duma is more and more like the USSR Main Board before 1989. ; The elections to the National Duma (Parliament) in 2007 did not change the system of political forces. The composition of the parliament remained practically the same as before the elections. Yet the results were relatively significant as evidence that the political system is stable: the composition of political forces remained unchanged. The significance of the Duma elected in the course of December 2007 elections is likely to weaken. The Parliament has become even less independent and more subordinate to the executive power. One can venture to say that the Russian Duma is more and more like the USSR Main Board before 1989.

The national identity of Poles living in the Grodno region began to manifest itself in the early 1990s as a continuation of the tendency to promote national movements, encouraged by the Soviet Union. After Belarus became independent, Poles have had more opportunities to develop their national culture, and they have began to actively set up numerous minority organizations, open Polish schools and Polish houses, etc. Poles were the most numerous, yet one of many minorities living in the Grodno region, and they have harmoniously integrated with this highly ethnically diversified society. The conflicts emerging within the Union of Poles of Belarus, which receive so much attention in the Polish media, reflect internal conflicts in one of numerous Polish organizations operating in the Grodno region, and they should not affect the situation of all Poles in Belarus. ; The national identity of Poles living in the Grodno region began to manifest itself in the early 1990s as a continuation of the tendency to promote national movements, encouraged by the Soviet Union. After Belarus became independent, Poles have had more opportunities to develop their national culture, and they have began to actively set up numerous minority organizations, open Polish schools and Polish houses, etc. Poles were the most numerous, yet one of many minorities living in the Grodno region, and they have harmoniously integrated with this highly ethnically diversified society. The conflicts emerging within the Union of Poles of Belarus, which receive so much attention in the Polish media, reflect internal conflicts in one of numerous Polish organizations operating in the Grodno region, and they should not affect the situation of all Poles in Belarus.

The law on the Polish Charter is an element of a certain process, noticeable in Central and Eastern Europe, the purpose of which is to reinforce and retain contacts of respective states with immigrants, that is the members of the nation that predominates in each state who live abroad. The regulations which the Polish side has introduced in order to simplify border crossing for individuals of Polish origin by introducing special visas and the Polish Charter have stirred a profound political and social discussion in Belarus. Belarussian society does not have its own national identity, and is not sufficiently developed. The western part of Belarus is a multicultural region. This allows the dwellers of this region to declare themselves to be of practically any nationality as need arises. It may be concluded then that the Polish Charters, issued by Polish diplomatic posts, do not reflect the number of the actual members of the Polish minority. The applications for a Polish Charter are frequently triggered by economic aspects and the assessment that it pays to be a Pole. ; The law on the Polish Charter is an element of a certain process, noticeable in Central and Eastern Europe, the purpose of which is to reinforce and retain contacts of respective states with immigrants, that is the members of the nation that predominates in each state who live abroad. The regulations which the Polish side has introduced in order to simplify border crossing for individuals of Polish origin by introducing special visas and the Polish Charter have stirred a profound political and social discussion in Belarus. Belarussian society does not have its own national identity, and is not sufficiently developed. The western part of Belarus is a multicultural region. This allows the dwellers of this region to declare themselves to be of practically any nationality as need arises. It may be concluded then that the Polish Charters, issued by Polish diplomatic posts, do not reflect the number of the actual members of the Polish minority. The applications for a Polish Charter are frequently triggered by economic aspects and the assessment that it pays to be a Pole.

The law on the Polish Charter is an element of a certain process, noticeable in Central and Eastern Europe, the purpose of which is to reinforce and retain contacts of respective states with immigrants, that is the members of the nation that predominates in each state who live abroad. The regulations which the Polish side has introduced in order to simplify border crossing for individuals of Polish origin by introducing special visas and the Polish Charter have stirred a profound political and social discussion in Belarus. Belarussian society does not have its own national identity, and is not sufficiently developed. The western part of Belarus is a multicultural region. This allows the dwellers of this region to declare themselves to be of practically any nationality as need arises. It may be concluded then that the Polish Charters, issued by Polish diplo- matic posts, do not reflect the number of the actual members of the Polish minority. The applications for a Polish Charter are frequently triggered by economic aspects and the assessment that it pays to be a Pole.

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie przez pryzmat orzeczeń Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka najważniejszych problemów, jakie pojawiły się w ostatnich latach na tle dziennikarskich sprawozdań z przebiegu rozpraw sądowych. Metody badań: w zakresie analizy tekstów normatywnych i wywodów Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka wykorzystano całą paletę metod prawniczych, wśród nich metodę egzegezy tekstu prawnego i prawniczego według wskazań koncepcji derywacyjnej, czemu towarzyszyła analiza lingwistyczna, w ujęciu zarówno topiczno-retorycznym, jak i proceduralnym. Konieczne było odniesienie się do hermeneutyki prawniczej jako metody wyjaśniania tekstu. Wykorzystano także metodę leksykalną oraz, w mniejszym stopniu, metodę porównawczą, pozwalającą na przedstawienie głębokich aksjologicznych źródeł systemu prawnego. Pomocną okazała się również analiza instytucjonalno-prawna. Wyniki i wnioski: przeprowadzone badania dowodzą, że obowiązki, jakie spoczywają na dziennikarzach pełniących funkcję sprawozdawców sądowych, są niezwykle poważne, a z ich istnienia oraz uwarunkowań, w jakich one funkcjonują, świat dziennikarski – jak się wydaje – nie do końca zdaje sobie sprawę. Odnosi się to w szczególności do publikacji fotografii i wizerunków zarówno oskarżonych, jak i innych osób, których dotyczy postępowanie sądowe, ponadto do publikacji dokumentów, zdjęć z akt sprawy, a także kwestii nagrań. Wartość poznawcza: przedstawione judykaty powinny uświadomić osobom pełniącym funkcję sprawozdawców z przebiegu procesów oraz tym, którzy dopiero podejmują się tej roli, jakim wyzwaniom przyjdzie im sprostać w trakcie wykonywania tej pracy.