Suchergebnisse

The article examines the features of legal education at leading universities in the United States and Canada as an experience for the Lviv University. Legal education at the University of Lviv dates back to January 20, 1661, when King of the Commonwealth Jan II Casimir issued a decree on the opening of a university in Lviv, which allowed to teach Roman and canon law. Consequently, this year we celebrate the 360th anniversary of the Lviv University as well as the Faculty of Law.It is noted that Roman law is the basis of many modern branches of law. The famous Roman jurist Celsius claimed: «Ius est ars boni et aegui» («Law is the art of good and justice»). So, where is law, there is justice, that is, a constant and definite will that gives everyone the right they deserve. Without justice, there can be no state, no smallest group of people, not even a small household. The perfection of the Roman legal system for many centuries has shown an example of how legal systems should be formed. Even direct borrowings from Roman law are allowed, of course, taking into account the national characteristics of each state, including Ukraine. It should be noted that Roman law has been and remains an important area of research since the establishment of the Faculty of Law of the Lviv University. His teachers in their works highlighted how Roman law became one of the components of modern European law. Legal education remains one of the important components of the domestic system of higher education, given the ongoing reforms in the state of political, legal, judicial systems, the development of market relations in the economy.Educational and scientific approaches to the teaching of law in various universities in the United States and Canada, which have managed to form a legal basis for better mastering and implementation of new methods for teaching law, are studied. In different countries, to obtain a degree in law, a student must immediately enter the first year of university in this specialty. To enter most universities, students only need to provide a high school diploma. In the United States, on the other hand, education is structured differently. The legal education system and law in the United States are regarded as a professional-academic field, which is equivalent to the master's programs of most universities in the world. This means that students can enter universities in law only after obtaining a bachelor's degree. In addition, law schools in the United States are part of private and public universities. They give students the opportunity to earn a Juris Doctor (J. D.) degree. The Juris Doctor program lasts three years (full-time training) or four years (extramural studies). The most difficult stage of studying is the first course through specialized subjects, exams as well as the method of Socrates, which is used in teaching law to students. The Socrates method encourages many international students to study law at US universities. This method helps students to develop unique legal thinking and easily master the practical skills of a lawyer.The contribution to the development of legal education of Lviv lawyers is shown, the tendencies of forming the tradition of teaching law at the Lviv University in a comparative context with the USA and Canada, where higher legal education is the basis of education of civil servants, are revealed. Legal education aims at a comprehensive training of professionals – professionals in the field of jurisprudence, able to correctly interpret and apply the law, understand the position of law in all the intricacies of a particular life situation, make decisions based solely on the letter and spirit of the law, exercise their abilities and powers for the individual, society, state. Therefore, legal education today, in the context of modernization of the entire higher school, requires special attention in order to identify a set of issues related to the quality of training of lawyers, organizational and substantive aspects of the teaching process, the financial condition of higher education institutions. ; Досліджено особливості юридичної освіти у провідних університетах США та Канади як приклад для її вдосконалення у Львівському університеті. Висвітлено освітні та наукові підходи до викладання правознавства у різних вишах Північної Америки, які зуміли сформувати правові основи для кращого засвоєння та впровадження нових методик до викладання права. Показано внесок у розвиток юридичної освіти львівських правників, тенденції формування традиції викладання права у Львівському університеті у порів­няльному контексті зі США та Канадою, де вища правова освіта була основою виховання службовців у державних установах різного типу. Обґрунтовано позицію для наслідування з метою якісного покращення викладання юридичної освіти у Львівському університеті з метою її популяризації у світі.

This article investigates the formation and development of scientific concepts of criminal law and process at the Faculty of Law of Lviv University. Achievements of well-known professors who have established the legal foundations in the field of criminal law and the process of the Austro-Hungarian period are highlighted. The contribution to the development of the field of criminal law and the process and the formation of the Faculty of Law of Lviv University of professors-scientists for the education of a galaxy of employees in state institutions of various types is shown.On the basis of archival documents, the position of the student-youth on the events that took place in the civil service in relation to students with normative legalacts, which they did not always agree with, was substantiated. This led to the outrage of university youth and the formation of their centers, which helped to shape and defend common interests.The paper reflects the European integration aspects, since Ukraine's accession to the European political, information, economic and legal space is defined by the strategic priorities of the foreign policy of the state. Gaining positive experience will contribute to Ukraine's fulfillment of the Copenhagen and Madrid criteria, which are declared by the states for accession to the European Union (hereinafter EU). Therefore, those scientific concepts that have been proposed by forensic scientists at the Law Faculty of Lviv University are very important on the way to joining the EU.The experience of legal reforms in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in connection with the accession to the EU, shows the need for doctrinal understanding of new principles, key provisions, ideas, content of legal criteria implemented in the national legal system, and correlation with legal terms.In October 1784, Emperor Joseph II signed a diploma for the restoration of the university.The diploma acknowledged that the university had four faculties: philosophy, law, medical and theology. It also included a gymnasium. Then the university was administered by the Senate, the so-called Consistory. It consisted of the rector, deans and seniors, the oldest professors of the university in age and experience. The Senate could only consider fundamental questions concerning the general management of the university. The deans, who were then considered directors of the faculties, settled the current affairs at the faculties.National University of Lviv, as a center of culture and its center, reacted very painfully to the needs of economic and cultural development of the region. The colonial position of Galician the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, hindered the development to fideas, the struggle for freedom of Galicia. However, under the second, these sientific achievements of scientists and professors of the university were recognized both with in and outside the monarchy.The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by the political delineation of the student youth of the University, where the directions of activity had certain reflections and the implementation of ideas of like-minded people, which in the future entailed the formation of certain student organizations. One of the most influential organizations was the Academic Community, which was formed in 1895.Not always the positions expressed by this organization have been endorsed by society. Some politicians, and not only young people, have differently taken the positions expressed by the student body of which they were members. We can also name organizations such as: «Zjednoczenie», which was founded by Polish and Jewish youth, but this organization did not last long, was forbidden by the authorities. It was later formed under the name Wspólna nauka. There were other, less well-known student organizations that were not so popular with young people, such as: «Zycie», «Spojnia». ; Досліджено становлення та розвиток наукових концепцій кримінального права та про­цесу на юридичному факультеті Львівського університету. Висвітлено досягнення відомих професорів-науковців, які зуміли сформувати правові основи в галузі кримінального права та процесу у період Австро-Угорщини. Показано внесок у розвиток галузі кримінального права та процесу і формування юридичного факультету Львівського університету профе­сорів-науковців для виховання плеяди службовців у державних установах різного типу. На підставі архівних документів обґрунтовано позицію студентської молоді на події, які відбу­валися у державній службі стосовно студентів. Це обурювало університетську молодь, яка формувала центри, що допомагали відстоювати спільні інтереси.

The article investigates the role and significance of well-known personalities in Civil Law and Process at the Law Faculty of Lviv University at the end of the nineteenth till the middle of the twentieth centuries. The role of many professors and scholars in Civil Law at the Law Faculty namely Stanislav Dnistriansky, Volodymyr Verhanovsky, Roman Longchamps de Berier, Ernest Till, Kamil Stefko, Tadeush Kosinsky, Adam Karpushko, Yusef Fiema have been clarified.Civil and Constitutional Law were among scientific interests of S. Dnistriansky. He created his own concept of state and law. S. Dnistriansky also worked on creation and standardization of Ukrainian law terms. The scientist is considered to be the founder of national and statist direction in Ukrainian political science, the author of political concept of the Ukrainian state.The Ukrainian Volodymyr Verhanovsky was an associate professor in Private Ausrian Civil Process in Ukrainian languge of teaching at Lviv University in 1908-1918. As a scholar he was interested first of all in Civil Law.Civics was greatly developed at the Law Faculty of Lviv University during the interwar period. Leading experts in this field were Roman Longchamps de Berier, Ernest Till (Civil Law) and Kamil Stefko (Civil Process). In 1906–1920, R. Longchamps de Berier worked in the Prosecutor's office. In 1920–1922, he was an Honourable Professor, and from 1922 he became a Full Professor of Civil Law Department at Lviv University. In 1930, the scientist became one of the initiators of establishing judicial school at the Law Faculty of Lviv University. In 1928 R. Longchamps de Berier together with E. Till published the work «Polish Contractual Right» («Polskie prawo zobowiązań»). The scientists elaborated it as advisors of the Codification Committee in Civil Code of Polish Republic.We are going to set an example of the problem of Civil Law that was scientifically interpreted and analyzed by E. Till and R. Longchamps de Berier. It was concerned the questions of alliance institution. Scientists wrote that under the Napoleonic and Austrian Codes, the essential condition for the alliance existence is the purpose of earnings. However, they argued that the concept of «alliance» should not be limited only to the purpose of earnings. E. Till and R. Longchamps de Berier, considered that funds serve to achieve the common goal of alliance members and are its property for essential alliance existence. These joint funds are saved up owing to contributions. The main responsibility of alliance members is to make contributions. Among other responsibilities, which may be specified in the alliance charter are thrift, avoidance of competition, collaboration for the achievement of alliance goal, etc.Kamil Stefko investigated sources of international law, international community laws, and various international acts. The investigation «Diplomatic Exemption from Jurisdiction in Civil Cases» («Dyplomatyczne zwolnienia od jurysdykcy w sprawach cywilnych») belongs to Lviv period of K. Stefko's activity.The article represents the contribution of professors, and teachers to the development of Civil Law and Process as the science, submission of law proposals, formulation of laws. The development of Civil Law and Process as the science and its tendencies at the Law Faculty of Lviv University have been clarified. ; Досліджено роль та значення відомих особистостей цивільного права та процесу на юридичному факультеті Львівського університету з кінця ХІХ до середини ХХ століття. З'ясовано роль та значення багатьох професорів і науковців цивільного права юридичного факультету, а саме – Станіслава Дністрянського, Володимира Вергановського, Романа Льоншама де Бер'є, Ернеста Тілля, Каміля Стефка, Тадеуша Косінського, Адама Карпуш­ка, Юзефа Фіємаа та інших. Показано їхній внесок у розвиток науки цивільного права та процесу і пропозиції до законів, які вони робили, а інколи були й авторами цих законів. Висвітлено тенденції розвитку науки цивільного права та процесу на юридичному факуль­теті Львівського університету. Розкрито, якого розвитку на юридичному факультеті Львівсь­кого університету в міжвоєнний період набула цивілістика. Досліджено, який значний вплив мали положення цивільних кодексів таких тогочасних держав, як Німеччина, Австрія, Швейцарія, Франція та Японія. Е. Тілль одним із перших у польській юридичній науці звернув увагу на права винахідників.