Suchergebnisse

Civil engineering decision support systems (construction, building life cycle, refurbishment, total quality management, innovation, etc.) created in Lithuania are described in this paper. The above decision support systems comprise of the following constituent parts: data (database and its management system), models (model base and its management system) and a user interface. Presentation of information in databases may be in conceptual (digital, textual, graphical, photographic, video) and quantitative forms. Quantitative information presented involves criteria systems and subsystems, units of measurement, values and initial weight fully defining the variants provided. The databases were developed providing a multiple criteria analysis of alternatives from economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative, legislative, social and other perspectives. This information is provided in a user-oriented way. Since the analysis of alternatives is usually performed by taking into account economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative and other factors, a model-base include models which enable a decision maker to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the variants available and make a proper choice. These systems, related questions and practical case study were analysed the paper.

Civil engineering decision support systems (construction, building life cycle, refurbishment, total quality management, innovation, etc.) created in Lithuania are described in this paper. The above decision support systems comprise of the following constituent parts: data (database and its management system), models (model base and its management system) and a user interface. Presentation of information in databases may be in conceptual (digital, textual, graphical, photographic, video) and quantitative forms. Quantitative information presented involves criteria systems and subsystems, units of measurement, values and initial weight fully defining the variants provided. The databases were developed providing a multiple criteria analysis of alternatives from economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative, legislative, social and other perspectives. This information is provided in a user-oriented way. Since the analysis of alternatives is usually performed by taking into account economical, infrastructure, technical, technological, qualitative and other factors, a model-base include models which enable a decision maker to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the variants available and make a proper choice. These systems, related questions and practical case study were analysed the paper.

Construction industry and its impact on the national economy in different countries had been investigated. In general, it can be noted that development trends of the construction industry is almost the same as the development trends of the whole country economy itself. Efficiency level of the construction and real estate industries depends on the specific quantities of the variables within micro, meso and macro context. Although factors of the macro level influence the efficiency level of the whole economy this investigation analyses its influence on the efficiency of the construction industry. Efficiency of the construction industry operation depends on the complex impact of the macro level variable factors such as economic, political and cultural level of development, construction industry are effected by the regulating documents, market, taxation system, drawing possibilities and conditions, inflation, local resources etc. (Kaklauskaset al.2011). Construction industry development possibilities vary according to the effect of macro level factors. Crisis, spin up in 2008–2009, had differently affected the construction industry markets of the European Union countries. The general part of countries had faced the decrease of outputs, real estate transactions, and predictable reduction in employment of population and quantity of construction companies. Adverse conditions and huge deviations that had arisen due to the crisis encourage analysing the situation of the construction sector not only in the particular country but in other ones, it happens because of possibility to analyse the international experience and get the broader view of the construction sector issues and solve them correctly. Procedure, presented in the issue, provide the possibility to detect the one of 23 European countries which possesses the most effective construction sector market development according to the criteria set. Countries undergo the multi-criteria evaluation applying COPRAS methods (Zavadskas and Kaklauskas 1996), evaluation criteria relevance is determined via entropy method. The first time using the entropy concept (Shannon and Weaver 1947; Shannon 1948) for maximizing the quantity of information contained in the dataset. The entropy is described as the casual value of the uncertainty which makes it more valuable in comparison with other factors. Thus, the main goal of the work is to group investigated European countries applying the COPRAS method and evaluating six criteria, describing the construction sector. In order to implement this goal, economy of the European Union countries, construction sectors, statistical economic data, valuables set according to the entropy method and priority of the European country construction sectors set by COPRAS method will be evaluated. Santrauka Ivairiose šalyse buvo atlikti statybos šakos ir jos vaidmens nacionalineje ekonomikoje tyrimai. Pažymetina, kad dažniausiai konkrečios šalies statybos šaka vystosi pagal panašias tendencijas, kaip ir visa šalies ekonomika. Statybos ir nekilnojamojo turto šakos efektyvumo lygis priklauso nuo tam tikro skaičiaus kintamujų mikro-, mezo- ir makro- lygmenimis. Nors makrolygmens veiksniai veikia visos šalies pramonės efektyvumo lygį, šiame tyrime analizuojamas tik poveikis statybos šakos efektyvumui. Statybos šakos veiklos efektyvumas priklauso nuo ją kompleksiškai veikiančių makrolygmens kintamujų veiksnių, tokių kaip šalies ekonominis, politinis ir kultūrinis išsivystymo lygis, statybos šakos veiklą reglamentuojantys dokumentai, rinka, mokesčių sistema, kreditų gavimo galimybes ir sąlygos, infliacija, vietiniai ištekliai ir t. t. (Kaklauskaset al.2011). Priklausomai nuo šių makrolygmens veiksnių poveikio visumos kinta statybos šakos plėtros galimybės. Įsisiūbavusi ekonomine krizė 2008–2009 m. skirtingai palietė Europos Sajungos šalių statybos sektorių rinkas. Daugelyje valstybiu sumažėjo gamybos apimtys, nekilnojamojo turto sandorių skaičius, pastebimai sumažejo gyventoju užimtumas bei statybos imoniu skaičius. Nepalankios sąlygos krizes metu bei didelės permainos skatina analizuoti situaciją statybos sektoriuje ne tik savo šalyje, bet ir kitose, nes tarptautinio patyrimo analizė suteikia galimybę plačiau pažvelgti į statybos sektoriaus problemas bei rasti jų sprendimo būdus. Straipsnyje pateikta metodika leidžia nustatyti efektyviausiai statybos sektoriaus rinką pagal parinktus kriterijus, vystančią šalį tarp 23 Europos valstybių. šalys vertinamos daugiakriteriniu COPRAS metodu (Zavadskas, Kaklauskas 1996), o vertinimo kriterijų reikšmingumai nustatomi entropijos metodu. Entropijos sąvoka apibrežiama kaip atsitiktinio dydžio neapibrežtumo matas, suteikiantis jam svorio palyginti prieš kitus rodiklius. Taigi pagrindinis darbo tikslas – COPRAS metodu sugrupuoti tiriamas Europos valstybes pagal prioritetiškumą, ivertinus šešis statybos sektorių apibūdinančius kriterijus. Šiam tikslui įgyvendinti analizuojama šalių ekonomika ir statybos sektoriai, renkami Europos Sąjungos šalių statistiniai ekonominiai duomenys, nustatomi jų reikšmingumai, pritaikius entropijos metodą, bei Europos šaliu statybos sektoriu prioritetiškumas taikant COPRAS metodą. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ekonomika,statybos sektorius,kriterijai,entropijos metodas,COPRAS metodas,Europa

Construction industry and its impact on the national economy in different countries had been investigated. In general, it can be noted that development trends of the construction industry is almost the same as the development trends of the whole country economy itself.Efficiency level of the construction and real estate industries depends on the specific quantities of the variables within micro, meso and macro context. Although factors of the macro level influence the efficiency level of the whole economy this investigation analyses its influence on the efficiency of the construction industry. Efficiency of the construction industry operation depends on the complex impact of the macro level variable factors such as economic, political and cultural level of development, construction industry are effected by the regulating documents, market, taxation system, drawing possibilities and conditions, inflation, local resources etc. (Kaklauskaset al. 2011). Construction industry development possibilities vary according to the effect of macro level factors.Crisis, spin up in 2008–2009, had differently affected the construction industry markets of the European Union countries. The general part of countries had faced the decrease of outputs, real estate transactions, and predictable reduction in employment of population and quantity of construction companies. Adverse conditions and huge deviations that had arisen due to the crisis encourage analysing the situation of the construction sector not only in the particular country but in other ones, it happens because of possibility to analyse the international experience and get the broader view of the construction sector issues and solve them correctly.Procedure, presented in the issue, provide the possibility to detect the one of 23 European countries which possesses the most effective construction sector market development according to the criteria set. Countries undergo the multi-criteria evaluation applying COPRAS methods (Zavadskas and Kaklauskas 1996), evaluation criteria relevance is determined via entropy method. The first time using the entropy concept (Shannon and Weaver 1947; Shannon 1948) for maximizing the quantity of information contained in the dataset. The entropy is described as the casual value of the uncertainty which makes it more valuable in comparison with other factors.Thus, the main goal of the work is to group investigated European countries applying the COPRAS method and evaluating six criteria, describing the construction sector.In order to implement this goal, economy of the European Union countries, construction sectors, statistical economic data, valuables set according to the entropy method and priority of the European country construction sectors set by COPRAS method will be evaluated. Article in English. Europos valstybių gebėjimo valdyti statybos sektorių krizės laikotarpiu palyginamoji analizė taikant COPRAS metodą Santrauka.Ivairiose šalyse buvo atlikti statybos šakos ir jos vaidmens nacionalineje ekonomikoje tyrimai. Pažymetina, kad dažniausiai konkrečios šalies statybos šaka vystosi pagal panašias tendencijas, kaip ir visa šalies ekonomika.Statybos ir nekilnojamojo turto šakos efektyvumo lygis priklauso nuo tam tikro skaičiaus kintamujų mikro-, mezo- ir makro- lygmenimis. Nors makrolygmens veiksniai veikia visos šalies pramonės efektyvumo lygį, šiame tyrime analizuojamas tik poveikis statybos šakos efektyvumui. Statybos šakos veiklos efektyvumas priklauso nuo ją kompleksiškai veikiančių makrolygmens kintamujų veiksnių, tokių kaip šalies ekonominis, politinis ir kultūrinis išsivystymo lygis, statybos šakos veiklą reglamentuojantys dokumentai, rinka, mokesčių sistema, kreditų gavimo galimybes ir sąlygos, infliacija, vietiniai ištekliai ir t. t. (Kaklauskaset al. 2011). Priklausomai nuo šių makrolygmens veiksnių poveikio visumos kinta statybos šakos plėtros galimybės.Įsisiūbavusi ekonomine krizė 2008–2009 m. skirtingai palietė Europos Sajungos šalių statybos sektorių rinkas. Daugelyje valstybiu sumažėjo gamybos apimtys, nekilnojamojo turto sandorių skaičius, pastebimai sumažejo gyventoju užimtumas bei statybos imoniu skaičius. Nepalankios sąlygos krizes metu bei didelės permainos skatina analizuoti situaciją statybos sektoriuje ne tik savo šalyje, bet ir kitose, nes tarptautinio patyrimo analizė suteikia galimybę plačiau pažvelgti į statybos sektoriaus problemas bei rasti jų sprendimo būdus.Straipsnyje pateikta metodika leidžia nustatyti efektyviausiai statybos sektoriaus rinką pagal parinktus kriterijus, vystančią šalį tarp 23 Europos valstybių. šalys vertinamos daugiakriteriniu COPRAS metodu (Zavadskas, Kaklauskas 1996), o vertinimo kriterijų reikšmingumai nustatomi entropijos metodu. Entropijos sąvoka apibrežiama kaip atsitiktinio dydžio neapibrežtumo matas, suteikiantis jam svorio palyginti prieš kitus rodiklius.Taigi pagrindinis darbo tikslas – COPRAS metodu sugrupuoti tiriamas Europos valstybes pagal prioritetiškumą, ivertinus šešis statybos sektorių apibūdinančius kriterijus.Šiam tikslui įgyvendinti analizuojama šalių ekonomika ir statybos sektoriai, renkami Europos Sąjungos šalių statistiniai ekonominiai duomenys, nustatomi jų reikšmingumai, pritaikius entropijos metodą, bei Europos šaliu statybos sektoriu prioritetiškumas taikant COPRAS metodą. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ekonomika,statybos sektorius,kriterijai,entropijos metodas,COPRAS metodas,Europa.

The analysis of information, the expert and decision support systems used in real estate management that were developed by researchers from various countries assisted the authors in creating their own Recommender System for Real Estate Management (RSREM). The database of real estate management was developed providing a comprehensive assessment of alternative versions from the economic, technical, technological, infrastructure, qualitative, technological, legislative and other perspectives. Based on the above complex databases, the developed Recommender System for Real Estate Management enables the user to analyse alternatives quantitatively (i.e. a system and subsystems of criteria, units of measure, values and weights) and conceptually (i.e. the text, formula, schemes, graphs, diagrams and videotapes) and provides recommendations.

Purpose
– Due to the complexities involved in disasters and due to the peculiar nature of post-disaster reconstruction, built environment professionals require continuous updating of their skills and knowledge to contribute effectively to disaster resilience. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ways in which higher education institutions (HEIs) can address this need through the provision of lifelong learning.


Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on both a literature review and on empirical evidence obtained through interviews, a workshop and group validation.


Findings
– The challenges faced by HEIs in accommodating lifelong learning are presented. Furthermore, good practice guidelines are provided to enable HEIs to respond effectively to industry requirements; to provide lifelong learning via through-life studentship; to promote collaboration amongst HEIs, industries, professional bodies and communities, and to promote the adoption, diffusion and exploitation of the latest learning and teaching technologies.


Research limitations/implications
– The empirical focus of the research is limited to three EU countries, namely UK, Lithuania and Estonia. This paper focuses on role of HEIs in enhancing the disaster risk reduction (DRR) capacity in the built environment, especially at the stage of post-disaster reconstruction.


Practical implications
– The recommendations provided on good practice suggest how HEIs can integrate disaster related knowledge into their curriculum faster than previously and how they are able to assist their educators and learners in building up their knowledge base on a continuous basis.


Social implications
– Capacity building in enhancing DRR during the post-disaster reconstruction stage through the provision of lifelong learning will create social implications within the responsiveness of built environment professionals to cater for disaster resilience.


Originality/value
– The appropriateness of lifelong learning as an approach to disaster management education is justified. The challenges HEIs face in accommodating lifelong learning and the recommendations on good practice guidelines in order to make the HEIs more responsive to educational needs are discussed.