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World Affairs Online
In: The Wilder House series in politics, history, and culture
Although dominant in West European politics for more than a century, Christian Democratic parties remain largely unexplored and little understood. An investigation of how political identities and parties form, this book considers the origins of Christian Democratic "confessional" parties within the political context of Western Europe. Examining five countries where a successful confessional party emerged (Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Germany, and Italy) and one where it did not (France), Stathis N. Kalyvas addresses perplexing questions raised by the Christian Democratic phenomenon. How can we reconcile the religious roots of these parties with their tremendous success and resilience in secular and democratic Western Europe? Why have these parties discarded their initial principles and objectives to become secular forces governing secular societies? The author's answers reveal the way in which social and political actors make decisions based on self-interest under conditions that constrain their choices and the information they rely on-often with unintended but irrevocable consequences.Kalyvas also lays a foundation for a theory of the Christian Democratic phenomenon which would specify the conditions under which confessional parties succeed and would determine the impact of such parties, and the way they are formed, on politics and society. Drawing from political science, sociology, and history, his analysis goes beyond Christian Democracy to address issues related to the methodology of political science, the theory of party formation, the political development of Europe, the relationship between religion and politics, the construction of collective political identities, and the role of agency and contingency in politics
In: Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics
By analytically decoupling war and violence, this book explores the causes and dynamics of violence in civil war. Against the prevailing view that such violence is an instance of impenetrable madness, the book demonstrates that there is logic to it and that it has much less to do with collective emotions, ideologies, and cultures than currently believed. Kalyvas specifies a novel theory of selective violence: it is jointly produced by political actors seeking information and individual civilians trying to avoid the worst but also grabbing what opportunities their predicament affords them. Violence, he finds, is never a simple reflection of the optimal strategy of its users; its profoundly interactive character defeats simple maximization logics while producing surprising outcomes, such as relative nonviolence in the 'frontlines' of civil war.
In: History of European ideas, Band 48, Heft 8, S. 1102-1104
ISSN: 0191-6599
In: The journal of politics: JOP, Band 79, Heft 1, S. e1-e2
ISSN: 1468-2508
In: The journal of politics: JOP, S. e000-e000
ISSN: 0022-3816
In: The journal of conflict resolution: journal of the Peace Science Society (International), Band 59, Heft 8, S. 1517-1540
ISSN: 1552-8766
Large-scale organized crime occupies a gray zone between ordinary crime and political violence. The unprecedented scale of drug-related crime in Mexico has led to its description as an insurgency or even a civil war, a conceptual move that draws on recent studies that have associated civil war with large-scale criminality. By questioning both the "crime as civil war" and "civil war as crime" models, I argue that instead of folding the two phenomena, we should draw primarily from the micro-dynamics of civil war research program to identify areas of potentially productive cross-fertilization. I point to four such areas, namely, onset and termination, organization, combat and violence, and governance and territory. I conclude by sketching a theoretical and empirical agenda for the study of large-scale organized crime.
In: Terrorism and political violence, Band 24, Heft 4, S. 658-668
ISSN: 1556-1836
In: The Changing Character of War, S. 202-219
In: Journal of peace research, Band 47, Heft 2, S. 253
ISSN: 0022-3433
In: Colombia internacional, Heft 70, S. 193-214
ISSN: 1900-6004
In: Colombia internacional, Heft 70, S. 193-214
ISSN: 0121-5612
In: West European politics, Band 31, Heft 3, S. 628-629
ISSN: 1743-9655
In: Comparative political studies: CPS, Band 41, Heft 8, S. 1043-1068
ISSN: 0010-4140
World Affairs Online
In: Comparative political studies: CPS, Band 41, Heft 8, S. 1043-1068
ISSN: 1552-3829
The study of ethnicity is dominated by constructivist approaches, yet empirical studies of civil war have been oblivious to their insights. In this article, the author examines the relationship between ethnic identity and civil war and points to several empirical instances of fluidity in the behavioral expression of ethnic identities within civil war. The author identifies two processes that are consistent with constructivist theorizing: identity shift and ethnic defection. The author provides several empirical illustrations along with a micro-level test of the determinants of ethnic defection. At the micro level, ethnic defection is best predicted by the extent of territorial control exercised by the incumbent political actor and the level of prior insurgent violence. The author also hypothesizes that at the macro level, ethnic defection is a function of the resources available to incumbent actors and conclude by stressing the need to take seriously the endogenous dynamics of civil wars.