Suchergebnisse

Covid-19 bukan hanya meluluh-lantakkan banyak bidang kehidupan yang berefek negatif, melainkan juga darinya ada banyak sisi positif dan itu berlaku juga bagi dunia pendidikan/pengajaran. Di antara sisi positifnya, Covid-19 telah memproklamirkan kematian metode mengajar tradisional. Paling tidak, metode mengajar dengan dosen/guru sebagai pusat dan metode mengajar berbasis hafalan. Keduanya bukan hanya tak sejalan dengan tuntutan Covid-19 yang menekankan proses pembelajaran sebaliknya, melainkan juga tak sejalan dengan teori pengajaran/pendidikanmodern/kontemporer. Baik Covid-19 maupun teori pendidikan modern menuntut diterapkannya metode mengajar dengan siswa/mahasiswa sebagai pusat dan metode mengajar tak berbasis hafalan. Dalam Islam meski metode mengajar dengan dosen/guru sebagai pusat dan metode mengajar berbasis hafalan merupakan tradisi yang kuat, bukan berarti metode mengajar dengan siswa/mahasiswa sebagai pusat dan metode mengajar tak berbasis hafalan bertentangan dengan Islam. Ada banyak sisi Islam, baik Islam sebagai ajaran maupun tradisi (sejarahnya) yang panjang yang memperlihatkan dua metode mengajar yang sesuai tuntutan Covid-19 itu merupakan bagian dari ajaran dan tradisi pengajaran/pendidikan dalam Islam sejak masa klasik yang tak dipisahkan. Kedua metode mengajar itu sejalan dan telah dipraktikkan dalam Islam. Karenanya, umat Islam jangan ragu untuk menerapkan dan mengembangkan metode mengajar yang sesuai tuntutan Covid-19 itu.

The relation between Islam and modernity as modern civilization is frequently faced contradiction. The disclaimer of a secular state for instance, leads to the debate by which the articulation of some Muslims who reject it is much more than those who accept it. Another example is humanism such as religious freedom and capitalism, although the disclaimers of these two issues are softer than those who denied the nation-state. However, the conceptual analysis points out that Islam is compatible with modernity as modern civilization. The main reason is that Islam was first emerged as a critic against the previous religion that was not engage the social transformation for the Arab society before Islam. Islam is also encouraged contemporary thought and social reform with the concept of ishlah (reform) and tajdid (renewal). If this case is measured based on the dimension of modernity, it obvious that Islam Islam as a teaching/conceptual frame/mindset in this article does not have conflict with it. Islam is in line with the nation state, secular country or secularism itself, democracy as political system, rationalism and empirical science, and capitalism. This paper is expected to strengthen the Integration of Islam as society with the modernity as modern civilization in the East and West countries.

Abstract During the era of Reformasi the face of Indonesian politics was marked by, among other things, the kindling in a number of regions of the formalizing of Islamic law through regional bylaws, and in other areas through public policy. Efforts to achieve this started at the third level, that is at the level of regulating aspects of religious services and worship, going beyond Islamic family and economic law, and this was also the case with formalizing shariah law at national level.Despite the positive impacts of thissuch as improved security, seen from the perspective of the rights of non-Muslims the implementation of regional Islamic regulations or public policy is a threat, in part because of its positioning as something that may trigger the violation of non-Muslim rights. Examples of this are freedom of worship, freedom to establish schools, the right to take positions of leadership and inter-faith marriage. Moreover, parts of this implementation directly infringe the rights of non-Muslims, such as the obligation to wear a veil. From the Islamic legal perspective, shariah bylaws or regulation have also crossed the boundaries of traditional shariah law, particularly in the requirement to wear a veil and in freedom of worship. Shariah bylaws are a close reflection of traditional Islamic law. Because of this, the shariah law already embodied in regional legislation must be reinterpreted to make it something of benefit to people, providing a sound footing for accomodating such contemporary demands as basic human rights. In any case, the shariah that becomes formalised in bylaws should be progressive and modern, and this is the shariah law that needs to be publicised and supported. Key Words: shariah bylaws,dzimmî, mainstream, hudîûd, khalwat, jizyah, ahl al-kitâb, takwil,and istishlâh. --- Abstak Selama era reformasi, wajah perpolitikan Indonesia ditandai dengan adanya, antara lain, menjamurnya jumlah daerah-daerah yang memberlakukan hukum Islam melalui peraturan daerah, melalui kebijakan publik.Usaha untuk memeroleh hal ini dilakukan dengan tiga tingkatan, yaitu pada tingkat pemberlakuan aspek-aspek keagamaan, pelayanan dan peribadatan, kemudian berlanjut pada masalah hukum ekonomi dan keluarga islami, dan hal ini juga menjadi masalah pemberlakuan hukum syariah pada tingkat nasional.Meskipun dampak positif semacam ini dapat meningkatkan keamanan, ditinjau dari perspektif hak-hak non-muslim terhadap pemberlakuan peraturan daerah atau kebijakan publik menjadi sebuah ancaman, dikarenakan posisinya sebagai sesuatu yang bisa memicu pelanggaran hak-hak non-muslim. Contohnya adalah kebebasan beribadah, kebebasan medirikan sekolah, hak untuk mengambil alih kepemimpinan dan perkawinan beda keyakinan. Di samping itu, sebagian dari implementasi ini dapat berpengaruh pada pelanggaran hak-hak non-muslim, misalnya kewajiban untuk memakai jilbab. Dari perspektif hukum Islam, hukum/peraturan syariah telah melanggar batas hukum syariah tradisional, khususnya dalam mewajibkan penggunaan jilbab dan kebebasan beribadah.Perda syariah merupakan refleksi hukum islam klasik. Hal ini dikarenakan hukum islam mencakup peraturan daerah yang harus ditafsirkan untuk memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat, dengan menampung aspirasi suara bawah. Keywords: shariah bylaws,dzimmî, mainstream, hudîûd, khalwat, jizyah, ahl al-kitâb, takwil,and istishlâh.

Language, as Chomsky explains, is the representation of one's thoughts. It is his/her expressions and psychological responses to the surrounding milieus. Thus, studying religious typology from the perspectives of language is scientifically made possible. This article studies the moderate mainstream of Nahdhatul Ulama (NU), one of Indonesia's Islamic organizations, from the Arabic words used in Bahtsul Masa'il, the corpus of study series held by elite members of the organization in responding to contemporary issues.There are so many Arabic loan words in the book of Bahtsul Matsail. Most of them are related to aspects of believe and jurisprudence, including terms on rituals for the death. Even though the Arabic words have their corresponding words in Indonesian language, this explains –among which- that Arabic loan words sound more associated to Islamic spirits. Nevertheless, the absence of terms in connotation to political Islam could strongly indicate that the organization, as like Muhammadiyah- does not have any missions to establish Islamic state. Republic of Indonesia with Five Principles of the state, according to NU is final with no need to change it with any other ideology.

This article aims to analyze and compare the management of mosques between two countries; Indonesia, where Muslims are the majority population, and Spain where Muslims are the minority. The research question is summed upon how the Muslims respond to the mosque management in two countries, Indonesia and Spain. Constructed by both research methods, qualitative and quantitative, this article lists mosques in urban areas both in Indonesia and Spain and analyzes several aspects related to mosque management. The number of questionnaires distributed was 100 to Indonesian Muslim communities in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi), and 100 Muslims in the City of Madrid and Sevilla, in Spain. The study found high scores for mosque management in urban Indonesia related to the community's satisfaction with the mosque services either in the social field (as the power of civil society) or in the main service fields (worship/da'wa). Meanwhile, the score for managing mosques in Spain is low. This fact is related to the issue of better access to resources: economic, socio-cultural, and political mosques in Indonesia as they are the majority population. On the other hand, Spanish Muslims often face various obstacles in building mosques, one of them being tied up with the issue of Islamophobia. In conclusion, Mosque management in Indonesia seems better than in Spain both in social services and in worship/da'wah.