Suchergebnisse

The Moral Target: Aiming at Right Conduct in War and Other Conflicts comprises essays that discuss aspects of war and other conflicts in the light of nonconsequentialist ethical theory. Topics include the relation between conditions that justify starting war and those that justify stopping it, the treatment of combatants and noncombatants in war, collaboration, justice after war and other conflicts, terrorism, resistance to communal injustice, and nuclear deterrence.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- I. DEATH: FROM BAD TO WORSE -- 1. Why Is Death Bad? -- 2. The Asymmetry Problem: Death and Prenatal Nonexistence -- 3. Accounting for Asymmetry? -- 4. Appropriate Attitudes toward Nonexistence -- Appendix: Inclines and Declines -- II. SAVING LIVES: GENERAL ISSUES -- 5. Is It Worse If More Die: Agent Relative or Non-Relative Views? -- 6. Is It Right to Save the Greater Number? -- 7. Ideal Procedure, Nonideal Alternatives, and Proportional Chances -- 8. Are There Irrelevant Utilities? -- 9. Sobjectivity: The Anatomy of the Subjective and Objective in Moral Judgment -- 10. Sobjectivity: Aggregation and Scales of Equivalents and Cost -- III. SCARCE RESOURCES: THEORETICAL ISSUES, SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS, AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTS -- 11. Acquisition of Organs -- 12. Distribution of Resources: Need and Outcome -- 13. Distribution of Resources: Urgency and Outcome -- 14. Distribution of Resources: Outcome, Waiting Time, and Money -- 15. Procedures for Distribution -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.

Abstract:This essay considers complications introduced by the Trolley Problem to the discussion of whether and when harming some for the sake of helping others would be unjustified. It first examines Guido Pincione's arguments for the conclusion that the permissibility of a bystander turning a runaway trolley from killing five people toward killing one other person instead may undermine one moral argument for political libertarianism and against redistributive taxation, namely that we may not harm some people in order to help others to a greater degree. It then considers both the bearing on Pincione's argument of recent objections to the permissibility of turning the trolley, as well as the soundness of the objections. Finally, the essay considers the relevance of trolley cases for developing a theory of aggression, insofar as aggression is the unjustified use of force that is either foreseen or intended.