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The international comparison shows that particularly in the Nordic countries, people participate in associations on a vast scale. However, it is also important to note that while the old politicalideological associations have lost some of their importance in Finland, several new kinds of associations have emerged. Thus it is relevant to ask whether connections between trust and association activity vary between different types of associations. Empirical analysis shows that the members of only certain types of associations – charity associations, sports associations, and cultural associations – were found to be more trusting after various background variables had been elaborated. It was found that, in particular, the number of association memberships has a connection with a stronger level of trust. Even though memberships in associations have a statistically significant link to the trust that people experience, the percentages of variance explained are low.

PurposeGambling is used to raise public funds through taxes, fees and direct contributions. The rent generated can be distributed through two basic models: absorbing the surplus into state budgets and institutions, or channeling funds to civil society organizations (CSOs). However, gambling also causes negative externalities. The purpose of this paper is to focus on how the beneficiaries of gambling in two societies representing these opposite models respond to the moral issue of accepting funds from a source that causes harm to some.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is conducted by applying the moral disengagement (MD) model to qualitative interviews conducted with beneficiaries of gambling in Finland and France. In Finland, the majority of gambling revenue is redistributed to CSOs, who also exercise a strong influence and are heavily involved in the system. In France, most gambling proceeds are directed to the central state, making other beneficiaries less powerful.FindingsThe results of this paper show that in France, where the state is a strong beneficiary, other actors express more political awareness and debate than in the Finnish model in which CSOs benefit and are tightly implicated in the system. On the other hand, the involvement of Finnish actors in the system encouraged them to accept moral responsibility for the harm caused by gambling.Originality/valueThe paper provides policymakers information on beneficiaries' implication and position in different types of models of dividing the rent of gambling, and the academic audience with a comparative and sociological application of the MD model.

Funding Information: Conflict of interest SM has received honoraria and research funding from Novartis, Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb (not related to this study). SAA has received research funding from Incyte. SB is a member of Member of the advisory board of Qiagen, Novartis, and Cepheid and has received research funding from Novartis, honoraria from Novartis, Qiagen, Cepheid, and Bristol-Myers Squibb and support from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia APP1117718 and APP1104425, the Ray and Shirl Norman Cancer Research Trust, and the Royal Adelaide Hospital Research Foundation. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Funding Information: Funding This work was supported by Academy of Finland (Grant No. 292605 and 287224), the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (Dnro 6113/31/2016), Finnish special governmental subsidy for health sciences, research and training, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation, Nordic Cancer Union, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Cancer Foundation Finland, Relander Foundation, Incyte Nordic Hematology grant, and Finnish Cancer Institute. Publisher Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s). ; Blast-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (BP-CML) is associated with additional chromosomal aberrations, RUNX1 mutations being one of the most common. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy has only limited efficacy in BP-CML, and characterization of more defined molecular subtypes is warranted in order to design better treatment modalities for this poor prognosis patient group. Using whole-exome and RNA sequencing we demonstrate that PHF6 and BCORL1 mutations, IKZF1 deletions, and AID/RAG-mediated rearrangements are enriched in RUNX1mut BP-CML leading to typical mutational signature. On transcriptional level interferon and TNF signaling were deregulated in primary RUNX1mut CML cells and stem cell and B-lymphoid factors upregulated giving a rise to distinct phenotype. This was accompanied with the sensitivity of RUNX1mut blasts to CD19-CAR T cells in ex vivo assays. High-throughput drug sensitivity and resistance testing revealed leukemia cells from RUNX1mut patients to be highly responsive for mTOR-, BCL2-, and VEGFRinhibitors and glucocorticoids. These findings were further investigated and confirmed in CRISPR/Cas9-edited homozygous RUNX1−/− and heterozygous RUNX1−/mut BCR-ABL positive cell lines. Overall, our study provides insights into the pathogenic role of RUNX1 mutations and highlights personalized targeted therapy and CAR T-cell immunotherapy as potentially promising strategies for treating RUNX1mut BP-CML patients. ; Peer reviewed

Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is the main complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Here we report studies of a patient with chronic GvHD (cGvHD) carrying persistent CD4 T cell clonal expansion harboring somatic mTOR, NFKB2, and TLR2 mutations. In the screening cohort (n = 134), we detect the mTOR P2229R kinase domain mutation in two additional cGvHD patients, but not in healthy or HSCT patients without cGvHD. Functional analyses of the mTOR mutation indicate a gain-of-function alteration and activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways, leading to increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing and real-time impedance measurements support increased cytotoxicity of mutated CD4 T cells. High throughput drug-sensitivity testing suggests that mutations induce resistance to mTOR inhibitors, but increase sensitivity for HSP90 inhibitors. Our findings imply that somatic mutations may contribute to aberrant T cell proliferations and persistent immune activation in cGvHD, thereby paving the way for targeted therapies. + + ; This work was supported by the European Research Council (M-IMM project), Academy of Finland (Decisions 287224, 314442), Finnish special governmental subsidy for health sciences, research and training, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Instrumentarium Science foundation, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences Fellow funding, Cancer Foundation Finland, and Finnish Cancer Institute. T.L. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Decisions 311081 and 314557). This study was supported by Finnish Functional Genomics Center, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Biocenter Finland. IT Center for Science LTD (CSC) is acknowledged for their help and computing resources.

Absolute branching ratios to unbound states in C12 populated in the β decays of N12 and B12 are reported. Clean sources of N12 and B12 were obtained using the isotope separation on-line (ISOL) method. The relative branching ratios to the different populated states were extracted using single-alpha as well as complete kinematics triple-alpha spectra. These two largely independent methods give consistent results. Absolute normalization is achieved via the precisely known absolute branching ratio to the bound 4.44 MeV state in C12. The extracted branching ratios to the unbound states are a factor of three more precise than previous measurements. Branching ratios in the decay of Na20 are also extracted and used to check the results. © 2009 The American Physical Society. ; Supported by the Academy of Finland (Project No. 44875), by the Spanish Agency CICYT (Nos. FPA2007–62170 and FPA2007–62216), by the European Union Sixth Framework Programme "EURONS" (No. 506065), by the Swedish Research Council, and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation. ; Peer Reviewed

5 pages, 2 tables, 3 figures.--PACS nrs.: 23.40.Hc; 27.20.+n. ; The beta decay of O-13 has been studied at the IGISOL facility of the Jyvaskyla accelerator centre (Finland). By developing a low-energy isotope-separated beam of O-13 and using a modern segmented charged-particle detector array an improved measurement of the delayed proton spectrum was possible. Protons with energy up to more than 12 MeV are measured and the corresponding log(ft) values extracted. A revised decay scheme is constructed. The connection to molecular states and the shell model is discussed. ; This work was supported by the Academy of Finland under the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme 2000–2005 (Project No. 44875, Nuclear and Condensed Matter Physics Programme at JYFL), by the European Union Fifth Framework Programme "Improving Human Potential - Access to Research Infrastructure" contract no. HPRI-CT-1999-00044, by the Spanish CICYT Agency under Project number FPA2002-04181-C04-02, and by the EU-RI3 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative) under contract no 506065. ; Peer reviewed

12 pags., 16 figs., 4 tabs. ; We report the first detection of the second-forbidden, nonunique, 2+ → 0+, ground-state transition in the β decay of 20F. A low-energy, mass-separated 20F+ beam produced at the IGISOL facility in Jyväskylä, Finland, was implanted in a thin carbon foil and the β spectrum measured using a magnetic transporter and a plasticscintillator detector. The β-decay branching ratio inferred from the measurement is bβ = [0.41 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.07(sys)] × 10−5 corresponding to log f t = 10.89(11), making this one of the strongest second-forbidden, nonunique β transitions ever measured. The experimental result is supported by shell-model calculations and has significant implications for the final evolution of stars that develop degenerate oxygen-neon cores. Using the new experimental data, we argue that the astrophysical electron-capture rate on 20Ne is now known to within better than 25% at the relevant temperatures and densities ; This work has been supported by the Academy of Finland under the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme (Nuclear and Accelerator Based Physics Research at JYFL 2012-2017) and Academy of Finland Grants No. 275389, No. 284516, No. 295207, and No. 312544. D.F.S. and G.M.-P. acknowledge the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)-Projektnummer 279384907-SFB 1245 "Nuclei: From Fundamental Interactions to Structure and Stars"; and the ChETEC COST action (CA16117), funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). This project has been partly supported by the Spanish Ministry MINECO through the grant FPA2015-64969-P and has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 654002 (ENSAR2). O.S.K. acknowledges support from the Villum Foundation through Project No. 10117. P.C.S. acknowledges the support from the Faculty Initiation Grant (FIG) provided by IIT Roorkee. A.K. and M.H. acknowledge the support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 771036 (ERC CoG MAIDEN). B.A.B. acknowledges the support from NSF Grant PHY-1811855.