Suchergebnisse

In the early 1970s, the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) began to revise its trade policy towards the outside world. It needed to counter the European Community's bid to implement its Common Commercial Policy and thereby change East-West trade practices. Foreign trade priorities became at once a crucial issue on the socialist countries' political agenda. The key question was whether they would have to open their system to the global economy - and bear the consequent pressures and competition that this decision entailed. Based on newly declassified archival sources, this study show

The Soviet Union had tied Finland to its security system through the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (FCMA) signed between the two in 1948. As the Soviet Union began to disintegrate at the end of the 1980s, Finland exited the Soviet sphere of influence – the region controlled through a system of bilateral and multilateral agreements. This article analyses the Soviet–Finnish negotiations to discard the FCMA treaty as a case study of the changing Soviet European neighbourhood policy. It gives important insights into the disintegration of the Soviet foreign policy mechanism during the Gorbachev era as it elaborates on both the intra-bureaucracy conflicts between the Kremlin and the Soviet foreign ministry, MID, and later between the Soviet central government and the Russian republic. As Finland was part of the Soviet security system, analysing Finland's exit from it sheds light onto the crucial change that took place in the Soviet foreign policy doctrine during the perestroika years. The Gorbachev leadership's decision not to defend its sphere of influence with force paved way for the upheavals of 1989 which led to the Cold War's end. ; Peer reviewed

Book Review: Reviewed Book: Germuska, P.: Unified Military Industries of the Soviet Bloc. Hungary and the Division of Labour in Military Production. Lanham, MD & London: Lexington Books, 2015. ; Non peer reviewed

1 Recasting the History and Politics of European Integration 'Beyond Brussels' - Matthew Broad and Suvi Kansikas -- Part I: Pan-European Ideas, Structures and Interactions -- 2 'Integration, Nobody Knows What It Means': European Cooperation and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), 1946–56 - Daniel Stinsky -- 3 Inventing a 'European Space of Discussion': The UEFA-EBU Relationship, c.1950s–1970s - Philippe Vonnard -- 4 Mediating in the Cold War: How the Socialist Group of MEPs became a Driver of Brussels-Moscow Rapprochement - Alexandra Athanasopoulou Köpping -- 5 Environmental Security for the Promotion of Pan-European Integration: The OSCE as a Europeanising Actor in the Balkans - Emma Hakala -- Part II: Imagining, Negotiating and Building Regional Integration -- 6 Not Giving Up Sovereignty: The British Labour Party's Alternative Vision of European Cooperation, 1933–1951 - Ettore Costa -- 7 Less Than Membership but More Than Association: Establishing the European Economic Area (EEA), 1989–1993- Juhana Aunesluoma -- 8 Regional Integration in the Eastern Bloc: Energy Cooperation between CMEA Countries, c.1950s–80s - Falk Flade -- 9 Industrial Policy and Technological Cooperation in the EAEU: The Case of Eurasian Technology Platforms - Anna Lowry -- Part III: European Integration At and Around the Subregional Level -- 10 Uniting Europe From Afar: Exile Plans for a Central European Federation in the Early Cold War - Pauli Heikkilä -- 11 Remain or Leave? Britain and the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO) in the Context of Brexit - John Krige -- 12 Subregional Integration in East Central Europe: Strategies in the In-Between Sphere - Katalin Miklóssy -- 13 Subregional Groupings in Post-Communist Europe: More Than Just 'Cooperation'? - Martin Dangerfield -- Part IV: Conclusions -- 14 European Integration: Past and Future, East and West, Brussels and Beyond - Anne Deighton.